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1、internal environment内环境homeostasis稳态negative feedback负反馈positive feedback正反馈simple diffusion单纯扩散facilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散facilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散primary active transport原发性主动转运secondary active transport继发性主动转运exocytosis出胞endocytosis入胞resting potential静息电位hyperpolar
2、ization超极化polarization极化depolarization去极化overshoot超射repolarization复极spike potential锋电位threshold阈值salutatory conduction跳跃式传导threshold potential阈电位local potential局部电位spatial summation空间总和temporal summation时间总和excitation兴奋excitability兴奋性excitation-contraction coupling兴奋收缩耦联absolute refractory period绝对不
3、应期relative refractory period相对不应期supranormal period超常期subnormal period低常期end-plate potential终板电位calcium induced Ca release钙触发钙释放performance of contraction收缩效能isometric contraction等长收缩isotonic contraction等张收缩preload前负荷initial length初长度optimal initial length最适初长度afterload后负荷contractility肌肉收缩能力tetanus强
4、直收缩cardiac cycle心动周期period of isovolumic contraction 等容收缩期end-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积ejection fraction 射血分数cardiac output 心输出量cardiac index 心指数stroke work 每搏功heterometric regulation异长调节ventricular compliance 心室顺应性homometric regulation 等长调节cardiac reserve心力储备autorhythmicity 自动节律性inward rectifier K+ c
5、hannel 内向整流钾通道transient outward current 一过性外向电流plateau 平台期delayed rectifier K+ current 延迟整流钾流myocardial contractility 心肌收缩能力maximal repolarization potential 最大复极电位pacemaker current 起搏电流latent pacemaker 潜在起搏点conductivity 传导性preferential pathway 优势传导通路atrioventricular delay 房-室延搁electrocardiogram 心电图m
6、ean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic pressure 舒张压central venous pressure 中心静脉压transmural pressure 跨壁压microcirculation 微循环effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压positive chronotropic action 正性变时作用negative dromotropic action 负性变传导作用positive ino
7、tropic action 正性变力作用cardiac vagal tone 心迷走紧张sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone 交感缩血管紧张cardiovascular center 心血管中枢baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射buffer nerve 缓冲神经chemoreceptor 化学感受器renin-angiotensin system肾素-血管紧张素系统epinephrine, adrenaline肾上腺素interstitial fluid 组织液coronary circulation 冠脉循环compensatory pause
8、代偿间歇premature systole (extrasystole)期前收缩arterial pulse动脉脉搏overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑hemodynamics 血流动力学arteriovenous shunt 短路血管（动-静脉短路）bradykinin缓激肽respiration呼吸pulmonary ventilation 肺通气inspiration吸气expiration呼气eupnea平静呼吸dyspnea呼吸困难abdominal breathing腹式呼吸thoracic breathing胸式呼吸pneumothorax气胸specific
9、 compliance 比顺应性intrapleural pressure胸膜腔内压elastic resistance弹性阻力surfactant表面活性物质alveolar ventilation肺泡通气量intrapulmonary pressure肺内压tidal volume潮气量vital capacity肺活量minute ventilation volume 每分通气量forced vital capacity用力肺活量physiological dead space生理无效腔ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气/血流比值oxygen capacity氧
10、容量oxygen content氧含量oxygen dissociation curve氧离曲线carbaminohemoglobin氨基甲酸血红蛋白Bohr effect波尔效应oxygen saturation氧饱和度carbonic anhydrase碳酸酐酶respiratory center呼吸中枢pneumotaxic center呼吸调整中枢pulmonary stretch reflex肺牵张反射digestion消化 mechanical digestion 机械性消化 chemical digestion 化学性消化absorption吸收slow wave慢波basic electrical rhythm，BER基本电节律intrinsic nervous system内在神经系统extrinsic nervous system外来神经系统gastrointestinal hormone（gut hormone）胃肠激素pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原gastric mucosal
