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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite
2、 right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic (人口统计学) growth to “a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary t
3、o understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, ofte
4、n nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the popul
5、ation problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is
6、 not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of r
7、apid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion
8、people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present
9、, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1. According to the passage, “population as a global issue” （ ）.2. It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that（ ）.3. What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?4. The rea
10、son for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that（ ）.5. How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?问题1选项A.is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesnt need our concernB.focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthC.deals with the
11、 same problem aroused by the population problemD.will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives问题2选项A.too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beingsB.the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthC.demographic growth will follo
12、w a certain pattern of ups and downsD.it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually问题3选项A.Species competitionB.Low fertilityC.Tribal fightsD.High rate of death问题4选项A.people are permitted to have more childrenB.people can live better than beforeC.newborn babies die less than b
13、eforeD.we have found the secret of longevity问题5选项A.Eighty million.B.Eight thousandC.Fifty thousandD.Five million【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。原文首段第一句提及“We can begin our discussion of population as a global issue with what most person mean when they discuss the population problem 当大多数人在讨论人
14、口问题的时候，我们也可以开始人口作为一个全球问题的讨论。”由此可知，这两个问题是一样的，都是由人口问题引发的，所以选项C正确。2.判断推理题。根据关键词“power fuse”定位到第一段最后一句“It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic growth to a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes. 它很正确地使用了一
15、个类似的问题，即把人口增长与一根又长又细的电源保险丝，它不时地稳定燃烧，直到最终达到极限并爆炸联系起来。”由此可知，作者是想通过电源保险丝的例子告诉我们，人口过多总有一天会导致人类的灭亡，所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. 在人类历史的大部分时间里，很少会有十分之一的
16、人活过四十岁，而在这个时期，婴儿期和儿童期是特别危险的。”也就是说，导致人口稳定增长的原因是高死亡率，选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容：它不仅从历史的角度看待目前的人口增长问题，它表明了近年来人口快速增长的原因不是人们突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因为改善了传统上造成高死亡率的状况。由此可知，人口快速增长的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题干问的是“目前每六小时有多少人出生?”根据最后一段的最后三句“Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the
