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1、2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Because many of the minerals found on the ocean floor are still（ ）on land, where mining is relatively inexpensive, mining the ocean floor has yet to become a（ ）enterprise.问题1选项A.scarce; commonB.accessible; marginalC.unidentified; subsidizedD.plentiful; profitable
2、【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。先看第一个空白处的选项，scarce “缺乏的，罕见的”；accessible “可到达的，可接近的，易懂的”， 这个词的用法比较灵活；unidentified “不能辨认的，无法识别的”；plentiful “大量的， 充足的”，根据题目前面部分中的关键词still和整个句意由于海底发现的许多矿物在陆地上仍然大量存在，且陆地上开采又相对廉价，因此，对海底开采还有待于变成一种有利可图的事业推断出第一个空可以填plentiful或者accessible。再看填入第二个空白处的选项，common “普通的，常见的”；marginal “边缘的，末端的”；subsidi
3、zed “补贴的，补助的”；profitable “有利的，赢利的”，根据题目后部分形容陆地上开采的relatively inexpensive和关键词yet 可以推断出第二个空应该填profitable,故答案选项为D。2. 单选题The reception given to Kimuras radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when（ ）fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention问题1选项A.
4、imitationB.reactionC.dogmatismD.invention【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意对于Kimura激进的分子演化理论的介绍表明了当创新和正统斗争到一个结论，创新就从传统中得到了大块的空间。通过观察分析题目的结构可知orthodoxy对应的是题目最后一部分中的convention,都是表示“传统”，而空白处对应的是题目最后一部分中的 novelty,都表示“创新”，四个选项中只有选项invention能表示“创新”，所以D选项正确。3. 单选题No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a
5、thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that i
6、t is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a gene
7、ral atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended; where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greates
8、t questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mi
9、nd of a people stirred up from its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own sick of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refu
10、te them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either le
11、d by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way
12、 to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the w
13、hole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of tho
14、se who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in
15、any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.1.According to the author, it is always advisable to（ ）.2.According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find（ ）.3.According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs withou
16、t examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements（ ）.问题1选项A.have opinions which cannot be refutedB.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclinationC.be acquainted with the arguments favoring the
