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1、第六节 名词从句http:/edu.QQ.com 2004年10月21日 17:52 来源：腾讯教育 一、简介： 名词从句是指在完整的句子中以名词性质出现的从句成分，主要包括主语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句和宾语从句。考生要明确下列四个概念： 1 名词从句通常由连接代词（who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, w h atever）、连接副词（when, where, how, why）和连接词（that, if, whether）引出。 2 连接代词和连接副词不仅引出一个从句，而且还在从句中担任某个语法成分。 3 用连接代词和连接
2、副词引出的名词从句前面不要再加that。 4 名词从句的语序一律用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。 二、 考点精要总结： 1敝饔锎泳 考点1 含主语从句的复合句，其主句的谓语应是第三人称 单数。 例：Who will come to the meeting remains unkn own 考点2 that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that 绝不能省略。也可以用it作为形式主 语放在句首，使用“It is + 形容词 / 名词 + that从句”结构，这时that 可以省略。 例1：That technological progress helps to relieve scarcitie s
3、is a fact accepted by economists 例2：It is said (that) the math teacher seems partial towar ds bright students 考点3 由wh泊室导的主语从句也可以用it作为形式主语 ，而将主语从句放到句子的后面。 例： It?ss still a question when we?sll have our spor ts meet 考点4 在主语从句中，用whether引出从句，而不用 if。 例： Whether he?sll come or not is not known 考点5 全句如果是被动
4、结构或一般疑问句，常用形式主语it引出。 例1： It is said that he?ss got married 例2： Is it probable that it will rain today? 考点6 全句如果是感叹句，则必须用形式主语it引出。 例： How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 2北碛锎泳 考点1 that引出的表语从句里，that可以省略。 例：My idea is (that) we need more hands 考点2 Whether有时也可用来引出表语从句，而一般不用i f，但as if却 可以。
5、例1：The question is whether they will be able to help us 例2：All this was over twenty years ago, but it?ss as if it was only yesterday 3蓖位语从句 同位语从句一般做主语或宾语的同位语，句子的主干已经完整，同位语作为一个插入成分作 补充说明之用。一般同位语成分可分为前位同位语和后位同位语，即同位语分别在主词的前 面和后面。 考点1 同位语从句仅仅出现在belief, conclusion, doub t, fact, hope, idea, knowled ge,
6、law, message, news, notion, order, proof, rumor, sign, suggestion, theory, t hought等抽象名词的后面，用于进一步说明或解释该名词的内容。同位语从句通常只能由th at引导，一般不能省略。 例1：There are signs that restaurants are becoming more pop ular wit h families 例2：Have you heard the news that he will be promoted? 考点2 同位语从句有时可用whether或其他连接词来引出 ，但不能
7、用if。 例：The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 考点3 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的th at只起连接作用，不充当语法 成分；而定语从句中的that为关系代词，在句中充当一定的成分，其人称和数须与其先行词 保持一致。 例1：The fact that we have inflation makes it hard fo r us to buy the food we need保位语从句） 例2：A high crime rate exist
8、s in cities that have a large p ercentage of unemployment保锎泳洌 考点4 同位语从句与其先行词之间有时用逗号与其他成分 分开，这种情况被称 为非限制性同位语从句，用that引导。绝不能认为是非限制性定语从句而用which引导。 例：A label must not be misleading And it is the law, too, that manufactures must list their names and places of business on their labels保hat引导的 是非限制性同位语从句） 4北
9、鲇锎泳 考点1 that引导的宾语从句只能放在介词in, but, besid es, beyond, except, save后面，不能作其他介词的宾语。 例1：All was in readiness and we would have left immediately but that (except that) the cat escaped from her travel basket 例2：Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from
10、which the other elements are produced 考点2 连词that在believe, think, suppose, presume等 动词后引出宾语从句时常可省略 ；但如果and 后的that宾语从句和前面谓语动词后的that宾语从句是并列关系，则一般不能 省略that。 例1：I don?st believe (that) they?sve finished their wo rk yet 例2：If interest rates are high, this means that you will h ave to pay more to borrow mo
11、ney and consequently, that you will be more reluctant to undertake any vast expansion sc hemes 考点3 whether和if引出宾语从句时可以互换，都可以和o r连用，但whether后面可紧跟or not，而if后面不能紧跟，需后移。 例1：I don?st know t whether or not here?ss enough room for her 例2：I don?st know if there?ss enough room for her or not 考点4 主句中有doubt/doubtful时，如为肯定句，用whet her或if；如为否定句或疑问句，则用that。 例1：I doubt whether/if the Browns will come to the party 例2：I do not doubt that Jane is honest
