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1、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。判断下面句子中哪些是名词性从句？ 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is inter
2、esting to us 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English
3、 at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.（一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who（谁）, whose（谁的）, whom（谁）, what（什么，的事）, which（哪个，哪些）whatever(任何东西), whoever（任何人）, whomever, whichever。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whethe
4、r, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 （二） 名词性从句的语序： 名词性从句必须是陈述句语序 I dont know where he comes from. （三）连词省略：that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其他连词不能省略1. 主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，上述引导词除if外均可引起主语从句。That he is an honest boy is known to all.What makes her different from others is her strange be
5、havior. How they will solve the serious problem has not been decidedWhatever was said here must be kept secret.Where we can look up his address is still a problem注意啦：主语从句常放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语使句子更加平衡, 如上面第一句改成：“It is known to all that he is an honest boy”更好。在下列情况下必须把主语从句放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语：1) 主句谓语是被动语态时，如：It
6、is said/known to us that he is a good doctor.2) 主句是疑问句或感叹句时，如：Is it true that the film star will come?How wonderful it is that well visit the Great Wall tomorrow.3)主句谓语动词是 appear, turn out, happen, occur, strike, matter 等It happened that she had a cold and didnt go with us that day.（碰巧）It turned out
7、 that I was wrong.（结果是）Guess: it occurred to me that. It matters that 什么意思呢？4) 表示说话人的推测或评价，如在 it seems, it is (un)likely, it is (im)possible, it is a pity, it is a wonder that从句等结构中，结构为：it is +adj,/n.that 从句如：It seems that this test is reliable. It is a pity that he should go without telling anyone
8、It is necessary that you should tell him the truth注意： 区分it 作形式主语指代主语从句与it引导强调句型的有效技巧是： 将“It be . that .”中的it be和that去掉后， 句子仍然成立的是强调句， 句子不能成立的是that引导的主语从句Eg: It was my suggestion that made him confident of successIt is my suggestion that he needs more practice2. 宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，以上连词都可引起宾语从句。 I
9、thought (that) you had read the book.We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not.Do you know who invented this?1) 宾语从句后有宾语补足语时常移至句末，而用 it 做形式宾语放在前面，如：We should make it clear that protecting the environment is everyones duty. 2 ) 宾语从句可作某些介词和某些作表语用的形容词的宾语，但介词后一般不能接that引导的宾语从句如：The r
10、esistance of a wire also depends upon what material it is made of.We are sure (that) it will be a success.宾语从句应注意的几个问题： 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，但从第二个开始不可以省略。He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his ho
11、liday alone abroad.that 从句作介词宾语只用于except that和in that结构。His report is correct except that some details are omittedCriticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes. （ 因为） 宾语从句在时态上要求与主句一致（即时态呼应），也就是说主句为一般现在时，从句可用任何时态；如从句为一般过去时态，主句应为过去时的某种时态。当然，从句为普遍真理和自然现象者例外.He sa
12、ys that he lives around the corner.He says that he once worked as a cook.He says that he is expecting his fathers telephone.He said that he would go abroad for further information.He said that it does not snow in winter in Australia.3.表语从句： Thats what we should do.4.同位语从句：answer, hope, fact, truth,
13、belief, news, idea, promise, word (消息)information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词等名词后出现的that 或wh-引导的从句作同位语，人们称之为同位语从句，同位语从句对所修饰得词起解释说明的作用。They expressed the hope that they would visit China again.I have no idea where t
14、hey are spending their holidays The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting.掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题：1同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面， 而是被别的词隔开， 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put offWord came that he had been caught2.同位语从句和定语从句结构相似， 通常位
15、于某一名词或代词后面， 但两者存在明显区别：(1) 同位语从句对名词加以补充说明， 是该名词具体内容的体现。that引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分， 但不能被省略。（2） 同位语从句还可以用whether、 how, what等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。(3)定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、 说明先行词的性质或特征.定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、 宾语或者表语， 充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。请比较：We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。(how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容， 属于同位语从句) I cant remember the problem that they have我记不得他们的问题了(引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语， the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明， 故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语
