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1、语法 动词不定式讲义动词不定式的用法：动词不定式在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。动词不定式的基本形式：一般形式 to do 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后否定形式 not to do被动形式 to be done进行形式 to be doing进行式表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生完成形式 to have done完成式表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前一、不定式做主语：1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is diff
2、icult work. To do such things is foolish.注: 1 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数2、当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 (1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do注意：在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修饰 人物的形容词。例如: kind nice good brave clever wise stupid foolish honest careless cruel generous eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the waterIt was
3、careless of her to make such a mistake(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do注意：这里的adj. 不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性质。例如： difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, usefulEg: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. It is right for him to work here.(3) it is +a +名词+ to do例如: pleasure pity duty shame crime 等E
4、g : It is a duty to plant trees every day .注: 在感叹句和疑问句中只能用it作形式主语Eg : What fun it is to jump into a lake in summer! How long did it take you to finish the work?二、不定式做表语：不定式作表语常表示将来的动作1.主语是以aim duty hope idea intention（目的，意图 ） plan proposal（建议） job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名
5、词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容eg : My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 3 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain， become , look , sound , taste , smell , feel , 等后作表语Eg : The plan seems to have been changed .
6、4 在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，例如：All you have to do is (to )press the button.The only thing I can do is (to) give you as much help as I can.三 动词不定式作宾语1、“动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构常用动词有: like wish hope want try begin start mean plan hate Agree refuse promise pretend ask choose decide forget hope le
7、arn would like intend demand expect fail offer help attempt determine manage remember prepare 等Eg : We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself. 2 不定式即可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语.不定式作介词的宾语时,介词之后一般不直接接不定式，一般都是:疑问词+不定式作宾语.这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句动词+疑问词+不定式Eg : Im worrying about what to do next. Mar
8、x gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.这类动词常见的有： tell advise show teach find out decide discuss learn forget inquire know explain remember see understand wonder 等。疑问词有：what where who(m) when how whether Eg : I dont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to
9、get there. I havent decided whether to sell it or not. We must find out what to do next / where to put it.注意不定式符号的省略问题！ do nothing but / except 后的不定式不带to.需要注意的是,此句型中but/ except 前必须要有实义动词do时，but / except后的不定式to才能省略，否则to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是： 有do无to，有 to无 doEg : She has no choice but to wait for the news. He
10、 could do nothing but wait. He will do anything for you except lend you money.注3 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 继续做另一件事go on doing 继续做原来在做的事Eg : I remember seeing you som
11、ewhere before. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.四 不定式结构作宾语补足语1、只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词 表示“希望”“愿望”等心理状态的动词，如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage, trust 等。Eg : What do you desire me to do? The director preferred her to act the old lady.含有“让”“允许”“促使”“致使”等祈使意义的动词，如：let, allow, pe
12、rmit, decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, 等。Eg : We mustnt let this (to) happen again. His father put him to mind the sheep. 带有“请求”“恳求”等感情色彩的动词，如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。Eg : He begged me not to tell his father about it. She was always worrying her father to take her to
13、Paris.含有“建议”“劝告”等意义的动词，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。Eg : He urged us to accept the compromise. The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth pulled out.含有“命令”“强迫”“禁止”等意义的动词，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。Eg : He required us to keep it a secr
14、et. The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a few days. I warn you not to do that again其他还有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。Eg : He promised to teach me to swim. We should train them to make use of reference books. We are waiting for the train to stop.2、既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词： see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, observe, feel, hav
