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1、非限制定语从句1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。在非限定性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.例如:Her house, which had a long history, stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。)2. 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year
2、. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。6.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓
3、住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to ice, which is a physical change. 液态水变为蒸汽，这是物理变化。非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。 一、as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于
4、说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主、被动语态句。 1 _is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month AIt BAs CThat DWhat 2Mike，as we expected，attended the meeting像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。 3He wasnt unconsicious，as was clear from his eyes他并未失去知觉
5、，这从他的眼神可以清楚知道。 二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多。 I指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点”等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。 1Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，of course， made the others unhappy Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat II指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。 1在“npronnumprep which”，“prepwhich”定语从句里。 1）They talked
6、about a movie，the name of which Ive never forgotten他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。 2）In our class there are twenty foreign students, 16 of whom are from Japan 3）China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。 4）Chaplin went to the states in 1910，by which time he had learnt to da
7、nce and act in comedies卓别林1910年去了美国，那时他已学会跳舞和演喜剧了。 2表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。 The dam，which is the biggest in the world，is 3，830 metres long大坝长3，830米，是世界上最大的坝。 3先行词是独一无二的事物时。 The moon，which doesnt give out light itself，is only a satellite of the earth月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。4先行词表示类属的事物时。 Football，which is a ve
8、ry interesting game，is popular all over the world足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都受欢迎。5先行词是专有名词时。 1）Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China，the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam， which is also in Egypt世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝，它也在埃及。 2）The Nile，which used to floo
9、d every year，now runs more regularly below the dam尼罗河年年涨洪水，现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了。 6先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词，作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思。 Mikes brother is a policeman，which he isnt迈克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。 7先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。 Li Ling is very clever，which Li Long isnt李玲很聪明，李珑可不是。 8先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。 My family，whic
10、h has 35 people，is a large one我家有35口人，是一个大家庭。 9先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。 Last year he went to Egypt，which is in Africa他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。 三、as，which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时，表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别，又在主句末时，有时可以通用。 1He is quite pleased，as which is clear from his face他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。 2You always work hard，as which everyone kno
11、ws大家都知道，你一向勤奋学习。 但是，上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时，就只能用as。 3This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see像任何人都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。 4Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light竹子是空的，这就使得它很轻。 在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里，一般用which引导。 5He came to my birthday party，which I didnt expect at all我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚会了。 四、who，whom，whose等引导非限制性定
12、语从句时，指代人的普通名词、专有名词等。表示正是或专指先行词等情况。在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。 1Bobs father，who worked on the project，spent four years in Egypt鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。 2Dad，this is Zheng Jie，who I knew in Paris爸，这是郑杰，我在巴黎认识的。 这一句是用主格who代替宾格 whom。 3His mother，whom he loved dearly， died in 1918他非常爱戴他的母亲，她死于 1818年。 4Mr King，whose s
13、on is my best friend, is working in a hospital npronnumprepwhom；prep whom；in whose n；the nof whom等引导非限制性的定语从句。 5He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom whose name Ive never forgotten他提到过一个笔友，他的名字我从未忘记。 6About 2，000 people，many of whom were Europeans，worked on the project大约两千人从事过这项工程，其中很多是欧洲人。 7In his
14、 office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu他办公室有9个职员，其中最年轻的是刘先生。 8I decided to write about Chaplin，one of whose films I had seen several years before我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。 9We went to hear this famous singer， about whom we had heard many stories我们去听这个著名的歌唱家演唱。我们已经听说了有关他的很多故事。
15、10Mr Pattis，in whose office Ms King was working，was very surprised when he found out her secret金女士在帕蒂思办公室工作。他发现她的秘密时感到非常惊奇。 五、when，where引导非限制性定语从句时，作定语从句的状语。when and then， where and there。why不引导非限制性定语从句。 1He went to hospital，where a doctor wanted to examine Mr Kings legs 2We will put off the outing until next week，when we wont be so busy我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么忙了。 3He went to America in 1912，where and when an impo
