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1、语法复习十四：非谓语动词（三）过去分词（三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主
2、语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost
3、, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired y
4、esterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是giv
5、e的逻辑宾语。）独立主格：上述-ing和过去分词的用法中，-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，而-ing和过去分词作用的形式，则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat
6、down to have a rest. 独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别：（1）语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。an inspiring spee
7、ch鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。（2）时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变化的世界。练习、非谓语动词（三）1. There is no question of _ able to finish it himself. A. Tom was B. Toms being C. Toms be D. Tom is2. The new shopping center _ now will be
8、 put into use by the end of this year. A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built3. Have you had supper? Not yet. The meal_. A. are being cookedB. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked4. Im glad _ you here in the hotel.Its my great pleasure to have you _ us. A. meeting, to B. to have me
9、t, with C. having met, among D. to meet, of5. Im afraid I cant make myself _ in English. A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood6. Although in a hurry, Wilson _. A. couldnt stop walking B. couldnt help the stranger C. stopped to help the stranger D. didnt answer the stranger
10、7. Janet is easy _. A. for getting along with B. by getting along with C. to get along with D. got along with8. Dont forget _ the light when you leave. A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off9. The mother is very glad; her baby is beginning _. A. understanding what she means B. to un
11、derstand that she meant C. to understand what she means D. noticing what she means ,10. I think this story is _ . A. worth being readB. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading11. This scientist is a man _ praise. A. worth to B. worthy to be C. worthy of D. worth12. I dont want _ any more
12、trouble, you see? A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _. A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal14. Strictly _, it isnt worth the price you are asking. A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoken15. Time _, theyl
13、l come here to watch us _ football. A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play16. The man was seen _ into the courtyard. A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen17. Bob should love _ to the party tomorrow evening. A. taking B. to be taken C. to take D. being taken18. Tom had no choice but _ the classroom with his classmates. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleans19. Mr. Brown said that his car needed A. to be repaired B. being repaired C. be repairing D. to repair20. The old man didnt know whether to sell the car or_ .
