《考纲解读-名词性从句.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考纲解读-名词性从句.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2014届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）专题04 名词性从句【考纲解读】名词性从句是复合句的一种，前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。2011年全国卷及地方卷对名词性从句的考查占了较大比例，有18道考查到该部分，2012年考查的比例更大，有20道题考查了名词性从句的用法，可见对名词性从句的重视程度。笔者认为，在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化
2、占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一，所以我们可以断言，以后的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐。【知识要点】一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句）I dont know what he means.（宾语从句）Im glad that you are here.（宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what
3、 you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句）The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句）二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often
4、/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后。如：I could say nothing but that Im sorry.that引导的从句可
5、作it的同位语从句。如：You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.2.that引导宾语从句时可省略；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如：That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略：He said（that） he had been working here for ten years and that he
6、wanted to go home.3.whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别。（1）在引导宾语从句时whether与if可互换，但如果和or not连用则只用whether。如：I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer.（2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。如：He asked me if I wasnt going there.（3）介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。如：Im not interested in whether he is rich.（4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用
7、whether。如：The question is whether you can do it yourself.The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.（5）用it作形式主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.4.注意what/whatever；who/whoever；which/
8、whichever的区别。试比较下列句子：Whoever will go to the concert please signs your name here.=Anyone who will go to the concert please signs your name here.Who will go to the concert isnt known.=Its unknown who will go to the concert.He wont believe whatever she says.=No matter what she says，he wont believe her.
9、Whichhever toy you want is yours.=No matter which toy you want，it is yours.5.注意how long/how soon/how often/how much的区别。How long will he stay here?他将在这里待多久？How soon can you be ready?你多久能准备好？How often do you visit her?你多长时间去探望她一次？How much is that dress?那件衣服多少钱？6.当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用whether/if引导；表示有把
10、握时用that引导。如：I doubt whether/if he can win the match.I dont doubt that he can win the match.7.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。如： What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a fact.8.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如
11、：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.（right）That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（wrong）（3）It happens.，It occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（right）That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（wrong）（4）
12、It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（right）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（wrong）（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（right）Is that will rain in the evening likely?（wrong）一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在
13、主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。2.用it 作形式主语的结构1)It i
14、s 名词从句It is a fact that .事实是It is an honor that.非常荣幸It is common knowledge that.是常识2)it is 形容词从句It is natural that.很自然It is strange that.奇怪的是3)it is 不及物动词从句It seems that.似乎It happened that.碰巧4)it 过去分词从句It is reported that.据报道It has been proved that.已证实3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)It is s
15、aid ，(reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：据说江主席下周要来我校视察。It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens.，It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他考试没及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)
