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1、1) Although all airplanes are aircraft,not all aircraft are airplanes. 译：虽然所有的飞机都是飞行器，并非所有的飞行器都是飞机。2) The classification begins with categories:within a category, specific classes are identified and within a class, type are identified. 译： 在每个大类可区别出各种小类，每个小类可以区别各种型号。3) Hot-air balloons were common in
2、 the nineteenth century and are used today for sport. 译：热气球在十九世纪是普遍的，而今天被用做运动。4) Aircraft that use the same method of staying aloft and used similar means of propulsion are grouped into the some category. 译：使用同样方法停留在空中，和用相似的推进器装置的航空器被归为同一大类。5） Lighter-than-air aircraft ascend by displacing a free ma
3、ss of heavier air with an enclosed mass of lighter gas。译：轻与空气的飞行器的上升时用一团密闭的较轻的气体置换一团自由的较重的空气来实现的。6） Propulsion is provided by an engine and propeller mounted in either a tractor or pusher configuration.译：推进力是由一套发动机和螺旋桨提供的，发动机和螺旋桨可以安装成牵引式或推进式构形。7） A glider is an unpowered aircraft with wings and a ta
4、il.译:滑翔机是一种有机翼和尾翼的无动力飞行器。8） Airships are powered and have controls to direct their movement.译：飞艇是有动力的而且有操作装置来控制他们的运动。9） The entire structure of an airplane is called the airframe.译;飞机的整个结构叫做机体。10） Most modern airplanes are monoplanes.译：大多数现代飞机都是单翼机。11） The engine and propeller on most single-engine
5、airplanes are mounted on the front of the fuselage. 译：大多数单发飞机上的发动机和螺旋桨安装在机身前部。12） Lift and drag are the forces produced by the motion of the airplane through the air.译：升力和阻力是飞机在空气中运动时产生的作用力。13） Under any changing conditions the airplane is always attempting to equalize the opposing forces and return
6、 to static flight.译：在任何变化的条件下，飞机总是试图使相反地作用力相等，恢复静态飞行。14） The actions of the physical forces that support an aircraft in flight are not visible.译：支持飞机飞行的自然力是看不见的15） For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.译：针对每一个作用力与其有一个大小相等方向相反地反作用力。16） Only when the mass of air directed down by the
7、 wings equals the mass of the airplane does the airplane fly.译：只有当被机翼引导向下流动的空气的质量与飞机的质量相等时飞机才能飞行。17） In fact, relative wind is result of the flight path.译：事实上，相对风是飞行路径的结果。18） The resultant force created by an airfoil is basically in the correct direction for lift.译：由翼型产生的合力基本上是在升力的正确方向上19） In genera
8、l, the larger the frontal area,the higher the drag force.译：一般来说，迎风面越大阻力越大20） An airplane creates forces by moving air molecules around, so naturally those forces are influenced by the density of the air.译：飞机通过移动周围的空气分子而产生的作用力，所以很自然的这些力要收到空气密度的影响21） An airfoil stalls any time the critical angle of at
9、tack is exceeded.译：每当临界迎角被超过翼型就会失速22） The lateral axis of rotation can be imagined as a line tunning from wing tip to wing tip through the center of gravity。译：横向旋转轴可以想象成一条从一个翼尖到另一个翼尖并穿过重心的直线。23） The turning force creates an equal and opposite force ,called centrifugal force,in accordance with Newton
10、s Law.译:按照牛顿定律：转弯的作用力产生了与其大小相等方向相反的作用力叫离心力24） Early aircraft engines were big and heavy and produced barely enough power to justify their weight on the airplane.译：早期的飞机发动机又大又重，其所产生的动力几乎不足以证明他们在飞机上的重量。25） A good pilot is one who not only can fly safely but can converse with these specialists and rela
11、y accurate information about power plant system operation.译：一个好的驾驶员不仅能够安全飞行而且能和这些专家交流并且能把有关的动力装置系统工作情况的准确信息转达给他们的驾驶员26） The inlet cowl and exhaust sleeve and exhaust plug are removed with engine during engine change.译：进气道外罩排气管和排气栓在更换发动机时，连着发动机一起拆下27） The fan cowls ,thrust reversers and core cowls ar
12、e hinge-mounted to the strut and remain with the airplane during engine change.译：风扇外罩、反推装置和焰心外罩用铰链固定螺栓安装在支架上，在更换发动机时他们保留在飞机上面28） The oil tank is mounted on the right side of the fan case.译：滑油箱安装在风扇机匣的右侧29） The lube filter cleans the oil before it lubricates the engine.译：滑油过滤器在滑油润滑发动机之前先把滑油过滤干净30） An
13、 engines oil system serves two main purposes.it removes internal engine heat,complementing the external cooling systems.译:发动机滑油系统服务于两个主要目的，它会带走发动机内部的热量，作为外部冷却系统的补充31） The oil level is read directly from a dipstick ,as it is in an automobile.译：滑油的油面高度可以从油尺上直接读出，和在汽车上一样。32） It is very important to che
14、ck the oil level before every flight.译:每次飞行前检查滑油的油面高度是非常重要的33） Some engines have an oil cooler,which is a small radiator exposed to the airflow.译:一些发动机装有滑油冷却器，滑油冷却器是一种暴露在气流中的小型散热器34)Monitor the gauges closely and take appropriate action (level off or reduce power) before temperature limits are reach
15、ed.译：要密切监视仪表的指示，并且要温度达到极限值之前采取适当措施（改成平飞和降低功率）。Aircraft 飞行器 airplane 飞机 category 大类 class 小类Type型号classification分类rotorcraft 旋翼式飞行器glider 滑翔机 lighter-than-air 轻于空气的飞行器 balloon 气球Airship飞艇 sailplane 翱翔机 aviation 航空 navigation 航行 airman 飞行员 pilot 飞机驾驶员 airman certification 飞行员驾照FAA(Federal Aviation Adm
16、inistration)美联邦航空局Helicopter 直升机 gyroplane 旋翼机 component 部件airframe 机体fuselage 飞机机身 wing 机翼 tail 尾翼aileron副翼 flap 襟翼 cabin 机舱 monoplane 单翼飞机biplane 双翼飞机 control wheel 驾驶盘 control stick 驾驶杆inboard 内侧的 outboard 外侧的 cockpit 驾驶舱 rudder 方向舵 elevator 升降舵 pedal 脚蹬 engine 发动机 propeller 螺旋桨 landing gear 起落架 main landing gear 主起落架nose 机头 high wing 上单翼 low wing 下单翼 horizontal水平的vertical 垂直的 stabilizer 安定面trailing edge 机翼
