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1、 中小学1对1课外辅导专家龙文教育学科教学案 教师: 学生: 日期: 2012-11- 星期: 时段: 课 题期中复习学习目标与考点分析关系副词的使用 学习重点 难点习题的正确解答 学习方法由典型例题入手，逐渐深入，边讲边练；教学过程一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。如： 1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 二、 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用for whi
2、ch代替why。如： 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是常见搭配。) 三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。如： 1. As I expected, h
3、e didnt believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 四、 非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。如： 1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。 2. I finished my work ahead
4、of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了一会儿报纸。 五、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换，也不能省略。如： 1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。 2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有
5、你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，
6、是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3)
7、 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句:形式上限制性定语从句：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。非限制性定语从句：用逗号“，”与
8、主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语：“的”通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上A作宾语时可省略A不可省略B可用thatB不用thatC可用who 代替whomC不可用who 代替whom限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切（删去影响整个意思表达）和先行词关系不密切（一种补充说明，删去不影响全句意思的表达）不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that关系代词可省略（但在从句中作宾语）关系代词不可以省略只可修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一
9、部分除修饰先行词还可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分暗示被修饰的先行词不是唯一的表示被修饰的先行词是唯一的翻译时先翻译从句在翻译主句翻译时先译主句再译从句请根据你的观察与理解，比较和区分下列几组定语从句：1. A journalist is a person who reports the latest event. ( _性定语从句)My friend，who is a journalist , has been to many places of the world.(_性定语从句)2. John passed the exam, which made his parents satisfie
10、d. ( _性定语从句)John passed the exam which was held last week. ( _性定语从句)3. The book , whose cover is very beautiful , belongs to Tom. ( _性定语从句) The book whose cover is very new belongs to Tom. ( _性定语从句)4. Helen is much more kind to her youngest son than to the others , which of course, made the others u
11、nhappy. ( _性定语从句)Helen is much kind to her youngest son who is very weak than to the others. ( _性定语从句)5. As everyone knows, Yao Ming is the most famous basketball player in China. ( _性定语从句)I like many basketball players, among whom Yao Ming is the favorite. ( _性定语从句)使用定语从句的几个误区（一）有的英语初学者在使用定语从句时，有时会
12、在从句中误加与关系代词同义的人称代词，这是不对的。如：This is the book that I have read _ dozens of times. But I have never read _. A. it, B. ，it C. it, it D. ，此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词 it, 这容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修饰 the book 的定语从句，此句中的动词read不能再接用 it作宾语，因为它已有宾语that(也可省略)。在做有关定语从句的试题时，
13、考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词。如：我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。误：The film we saw it last night was wonderful. 正：The film we saw last night was wonderful. 刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁? 误：Whos the man you just talked to him? 正：Whos the man you just talked to? 你昨天借给我的书很有趣。误：The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting. 正
14、：The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting. 他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。误：He is the man whosehis wife died last year使用定语从句的几个误区（二）初学者在使用定语从句时，有个经常犯的错误就是分不清是定语从句还是其他从句。请看下面的题目：Is this room _ he lived in last year? Is this the room _ he lived in last year? A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the one D. the one, that此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析，我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置)。如：(1)This room is _ he lived in last year. (2)This is the room _he
