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1、阅读理解专项训练-猜测词义(教师版)正确判断词义已作为高考阅读能力测试的要求之一。推测词义要靠领悟能力和应变能力，它虽无固定模式可依，却有踪可寻。在阅读理解测试中，常见的考查这种技能的题型有： 1. Whatsthemeaningofin lineofparagraph.?2 The word . in line . probably means _. 3 In line ., the word . refers to _. 4 In line ., the word . could best be replaced by which of the following? 5 The word
2、. as used in line . in this passage means _. 6 The word . as used in line . is closest in meaning to _. 7 By ., the author means _. 8. What do you think the expression “” stands for? _猜测词义,首先要根据生词在句中的位置和作用，去判断其词性，然后推断词义。猜测词义大致有以下几种方式：一、根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义 在含有生词的上下文中有时能找到一个对此生词所下的定义或解释说明。如可以根据be，be call
3、ed, that is (to say), in other words, namely，mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等判断词猜测生词的含义。如： 1）A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. 2）A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objec
4、ts is called a carpenter. mosquito是“蚊子”，carpenter是“木匠”。有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如：Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 语义学His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. zoologist动物学家” 当看到文中的破折号冒号，分号，引号，和括号时
5、，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workersthose who can understand as well as speak many languages. Polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。Ex.1.A calendar is a timetable of the days, weeks, months of a certain year.2.She had a lesion o
6、n her arm that would not stop bleeding.A.a piece of skin B. an injury C.a bone D.a piece of cloth B3.In summer the weather is very hot, sometimes it causes a dry period ,in other words, drought.4.He knows a famous cardiologist. A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in heart diseases.从后一句的定义“一个专
7、门研究心脏病的医生”可以猜出cardiologist的意思为“心脏病专家”。5.The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the south pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.企鹅6.Down from the sky came a dark funnel-like（漏斗状的）cloud. This dark cloud reached the ground
8、all of a sudden. This terrible tornadoa wind which went round and round as fast as 500 miles an hour and picked up everything in its path, such as large trees, cars and even houses.龙卷风7.The herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. AA keeper of a group of animals ,esp. cattles B
9、a butcher C a man who sell sheep D a person who looks after and kill animals8.According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of 10 German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones, their blood pressure goes up.(2003MET) AThis word “The lance
10、t” is most probably_A. the name of a magazine B. the name of a personC. the name of the hospital D. the title of a medical report9.But suddenly they became the parents of quintuplets,four girls and a boy,an event which quickly changed their lives.four girls and a boy 是quintuplets 的同谓语， quintuplets意为
11、“五胞胎”。二、根据列举的事例猜测词义 通过冒号，such as , like, for example, for instance等词可以推测词义。如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 从后面列举的例子可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。三、根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but，while, however，despite，in spite of ,yet，otherwise，
12、though, instead ,yet ,on the other hand, on the contrary等表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如： 1）Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. grubby是什么意思呢？和clean相对，便是“肮脏的”了。 2）John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife,
13、 however, is very thrifty.和wastes a lot of money相对比，thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。3）In the world, some are well off while others are poor.单词while 含有对比之意，所以well off 与poor是形成对比的， well off 的意思为 rich 。4）If you agree, say “yes”. If you dissent, say “no”.第一句肯定，第二句否定，根据yes与 no的对比，dissent就是 agree的反意词，即“不同意”。Ex.1.Althoug
14、h people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. 生的2.Unlike his sister, who is a warm, interested person, John is apathetic to everyone and everything. 根据句义不难看出，的意思是“冷漠”。3.In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and h
15、umid, and the summers hot and dry.4.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. “目空一切 的，傲慢的”5.The big farms are getting bigger while the small ones are slowly dwindling. 缩小四、根据同等关系猜测词义 同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如：1） At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 2） Are people born intelligent or stupid? 你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗？从“年龄4
