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1、牛津高中英语模块一第一单元一定语从句：定语从句的介绍1. 就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。定语从句所修 饰的名词称为先行词。形容词： The gree n team介词短语： The team in gree n定语从句： The team who were weari ng gree n2. 定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which, that, who, whom, whose, 或关系副词来 引导，如 whe n, where, why 。关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。女口： 做主语 The tre
2、es which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语 The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语 Jack is no Ion ger the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语 She has a brother whose name I can t remember.做状语 The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二 定语从句： 关系代词：that , w
3、hich , who, whom 和 whose1. 在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。女口： This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelli ng con test.2. 在定语从句中，who用来指代人。女口： I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3. 当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且 whom比 who更正式。女口： I don t know the name of the teacher who/wh
4、om I saw in the computer room the other day.4. 当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who, whom which和that可以被省略。女口： He likes all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him.5. Whose用来表示所属，它既可指人也可指物。女口： I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every
5、 Saturday after noon.第二单元一 定语从句：介词提前的定语从句 (preposition+ which;prepositi on + whom1. 当关系代词(which/whom )做定语从句中介词的宾语时，可以把介词提到关系代词的前面。女口： We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.2. 在非正式英语中，介词通常放在定语从句的最后。如: Art is the subject which I know little about.3. 如果介词放在定语从句的最后， which
6、可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取代。女口： Dad is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.4. 当关系代词做定语从句中介词的宾语，并且介词又放在定语从句的末尾时，我们通常省略关系代词who和that o如: The topic (which) Eric is interested in is Physics.Daniel is the pers on (whom) I want to make friends with.5. 当先行词是 way时，我们用in which或that来引导定语从句，这种情况下，in whi
7、ch 或that可以被省略。女口： I didn t like theway (that /in which) she talked to me.二 定语从句：关系畐U词：when, where,why1. 我们通常用关系副词when引导先行词是 time , momen, day, season , year等的定语从句。女口： Do you remember the day when we left you in charge?I ofte n think of the mome nt whe n I saw the UFO.2 .我们通常用关系副词where引导先行词是 place ,
8、house, city , country , city , world等的定语从句。女口： The police searched the house where the thief had stayed.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpuni shed.3. 我们通常用关系副词why引导先行词是reason的定语从句。女口： I don t know the reason why the house is so dirty.4. 在更加正式的英语中，where, when和why能够被介词+ which所替代。如: The s
9、tudy is the place where/in which I often have talks with my father.This is the reas on why/for which my pare nts got home earlier.It rained the whole day when/on which he traveled with his family.第三单元一定语从句：非限制性定语从句1非限制性定语从句是一个为主句添加额外信息的从句，在非限制性定语从句前通常有个 逗号。如: Amy, who took weight-loss pills, now rea
10、lizes that health is important.My pills are in the bathroom, where I always keep them.2. 当先行词是整个主句时，可以用 which来引导定语从句。如: He missed the show, which was a great pity.3. 我们可以用 all + whom/which来表示全部数量，用some of + whom/which来表示部分数 量。女口： I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpfu
11、lto my health.Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diet.二附加疑问句1. 附加疑问句是放在陈述句后面的短问句。它们通常被用在口语中来引出一段对话，以一 个更加礼貌的方式来询问信息，温柔的发号施令或要求某人做某事。我们用附加疑问句来 询问意见或征求同意。当我们用附加疑问句来询问意见时，为了期待对方能同意我们的观点，附加疑问句会用降 调来表达。当我们用附加疑问句来征求同意时，我们实际上是在询问我们自己也不太能确信的事情， 这时候附加疑问句会用升调来表达。2. 附加疑问句的构成有以下几种：1）在肯定的
12、陈述句之后，我们会用否定的附加疑问句。在否定的陈述句之后，我们会用肯 定的附加疑问句。如: We can still be friends, can t we?He d oes n t like ice cream, does he?2） 当主句中有像 n either , none, no body, nothing , few, little , n ever , hardly 或 seldom 这类词时，它们被认为是否定的，因此后面会跟个肯定的附加疑问句。女口： Neither of you will have coffee, will you?No one has found my C
13、D, have they?Nobody un derstood his speech, did they?His sister seldom argues with people, does she?3） 人称代词如I , we, you , he, she, it或they会放在附加疑问句中。女口： I was pretty silly, wasn t I?Everyone has advises you not to go on a diet, haven t you?4） 助动词，情态动词或be动词会放在附加疑问句中。女口： You like traveling, don t you?T
14、here is something wrong, isn t there?You can t speak Italian, can you?5）祁使句后用 will you , Let s 后用 shall we 如:Post a letter for me, will you?Let s have a break, shall we?牛津高中英语模块二第一单元一现在完成时态1我们用现在完成时态来表示在最近的过去发生的但跟现在有联系的事情。女口： The disappearanee of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.2. 我们也用现在完成时态来表示在过
15、去刚开始，并且现在还没结束的事情。如: I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.3. 当动作发生的确切时间不清楚或不重要时，我们也用现在完成时态。经常连用的时间短语有： already ever for just lately n ever rece ntly since yetalready 用语肯定句，yet用语否定句。女口： The boy has already come home. I haven t heard anything from him yet.for+ 一段时间since+ 点时间女口： We haven t seen him for two years. We haven t seen him since 2002.注：当已给定具体的时间时，我们往往用一般过去时态，而不是现在完成时态。4. 我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作。如: The police have just finished searching the area.5. 我们也用现在完成时态来表示重复的动作。女口： Some villages say that they
