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1、Chapter 3 Research Design This chapter focuses on the design of research, which contains the details of research questions, research subjects and research instruments.3.1 research questionsMotivated by the findings of the previous researchers, the author designed an experiment on expectancy impact o
2、n student learning and the correlations among teachers expectancy, parents expectancy and self-efficacy expectancy. The study aims to prove: (1) Expectancy and students achievement has positive correlation (2) teachers expectancy, parents expectancy and self- expectancy has close consistency (3) tea
3、chers expectancy, parents expectancy and self- expectancy, which one is the most significant influence on students.3.2 The Subjects of the SurveyThe subjects of this research are 130 junior middle school students of two classes who are chosen at random. There are 64 are girls and 66 boys. They are f
4、rom Baodi Er wangzhuang Junior Middle School. These students ages are form 15to16. Students in this age group are easily influenced by affective factors; therefore our study is more meaningful. And the results of the questionnaire are more credible because they have their own independent views on th
5、ings. These students have already studied English for 6-7 years, so they have already formed the fixed learning styles of themselves. They were required to complete a questionnaire about their self-efficacy and expectancy from their parents and teachers3.3The Instruments of the SurveyThe instruments
6、 of this survey include a questionnaire and the transcript of the subjects. The transcript is the mid-term exam achievement test of subjects which can reflect their performance in normal times. And the author divided the subjects into three groups by performance: good，medium and weak, which is based
7、 on their mid-term exam grades. There are 40 students in group A, whose performance are the best in their classes. Their score are among 86-100. There are 35 students in group B, whose performance are on average, and English marks are medium. Their English score are among 70-85. And group C has 40 s
8、tudents, and these students are with weak performance whose English score are below 70. 3.3.1 QuestionnaireQuestionnaire is widely used by researchers in order to explore some facts that cannot be obtained merely by observationIt can provide a good source of quantitative date and its results easy to
9、 statistical treatment and analysis. This questionnaire was designed based on the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES) and AttitudeMotivation Test Battery (AMTB) and it with a total of 30 questions (see Appendix). General self-efficacy scale (GSES) compiled by Ralf Schwarzef (1981), Chinese version tra
10、nslated by Wang Caikang (2001). This questionnaire is designed to assess positive self-efficacy in dealing with difficulties in life. The GSES has good reliability, validity. AttitudeMotivation Test Battery was originally put forward by RCGardner(1985)，it mainly used by secondary school students stu
11、dying English as a foreign language. It aims to investigate the importance of motivation and attitude in second language acquisition. Motivation and attitude can affect students self-expectancy, thereby influencing students English learning. These two scales are very authority and validity, so I cho
12、ose some relevant items which about teachers expectancy, parents expectancy and self-efficacy from these two questionnaires to adaptation questionnaire. To guarantee a great comprehension of the questions and more spontaneous responses, the author designed a Chinese version of this questionnairesAnd
13、 to reduce the subjects confusion while answering the questions，all the item were supplied with five choices：1=completely disagree, 2=slightly disagree, 3=have no idea, 4=slightly agree, 5=completely agree. Point 5 for each item is viewed as the highest and point 1 for each item is viewed as the low
14、estHigher points amount to higher expectancy. Anonymous questionnaire investigations were adopted in this study to make the subjects more honesty and relax. In order to ensure that the data collected from the survey should be reliable and valid, the survey was administered in the presence of the stu
15、dents English teachers.The survey made in December 2013 and a total of 130 questionnaires were all returned. There are 115 valid questionnaires. 3.3.1.1 Content of questionnaireThis questionnaire was designed based on the AttitudeMotivation Test Battery(AMTB)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES), which contains thirty questions classified into three categories
