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1、主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。例如： Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动
2、词用单数形式。常见的有：1)集体名词作主语时, 例如family, class, team等，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The family is very big. My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。2) 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten mile
3、s isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了Five minus four is one. 5减4等于13. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。常见的有以下情况：1）there be句型中，谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如：There is some milk in the bottle.There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢
4、笔和一些书There are some books and a pen on the desk. 2) 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是由not onlybut also(不但，而且)，eitheror，neithernor或or连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如：Both his father and his mother are teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 He or you have a bookOne or two days are enough to visit th
5、e city.Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about itNot only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 其他常考点：1. 下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式a表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。（上）b由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，nei
6、ther等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如：Someone is knocking at the doorAnything is better than going to the movie tonightc动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： To do it well is very difficult.Listening to the classical music is enjoyableWhat I want to say is none of your businessd以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如politics(政治学)，mat
7、hematics(数学)，statistics(统计学)，acoustics(声学)，linguistics(语言学)等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mathematics is his major.2. 下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。a由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest， + of + 名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：None of the food is wastedNone of the students are bad.The rest of the lecture was
8、dullThe rest of the bikes were on sale yesterdayb由lots of，heaps of，loads of， +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoonThere is loads of milk on the farmThere are loads of big red apples on the groundThere is heaps of func由“分
9、数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如：Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam3. 主语是each/every+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Every student does it very well. Each of them has an English dictionary. 4. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等单位词修饰主语时，谓语与单位词一致
10、。例如： This pair of shoes is Toms. 这双鞋是汤姆的。 There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。 5. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 6. 单数名词作主语，且后面有with, as well as, like等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The teacher with his students is in the office. The young mother with her two children is coming nowLucy, like many girls, is very pretty.
