英语中的各种变化规则1. 可数名词规则复数(Plural Form)的构成情况构成方法读音例词及读音一般情况加-s清辅音后/s/浊辅音和元音后/z/在ce,se,ze,(d)ge后/Iz/cakes /keIks/ bags /bQgs/faces /ÈfeIsIz/ oranges /ÈrIndZIz/以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词★加-es读/Iz/buses /ÈbÃsIz/ watches /ÈwtSIz/以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es读/z/babies /ÈbeIbIz/families /ÈfQm«lIz/部分以f(e)结尾的词▲变f(e)为ves读/vz/knives /naIvz/halves /hAù vz/以o结尾的词●加-s或-es (多数单词)读/z/zoos /zuù z/ photos /Èf«Ut«Uz/tomatoes /t«ÈmeIt«Uz/◆在th后多读/s/，如： cloths /clTs/ months /mÃnTs/ myths /mITs/◆th前有长元音或双元音时读作/z/：sheath /Siù T/ ---- sheaths /Siù Dz/ path /pAù T/ ---- paths /pAù Dz/oath /«UT/---- oaths /«UDz/ mouth /maUT/ ----mouths /maUDz/wreath /riù T/ ---- wreaths /riù Dz/ bath /bAù T/ ----baths /bAù Dz/youth /juù T/ ---- youths /juù Dz/ 或 /juù Ts/ truth /truù T/ ---- truths /truù Dz/ 或 /truù Ts/★如果词尾的ch发/k/音，要加-s：monarch→monarchs; stomach→stomachs; epoch→epochs●以下几类词只加-s： ①以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词：videos, radios, studios, zoos, bamboos, kangaroos, taboos(禁忌)②一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词：pianos, tobaccos, mottos, manifestos(宣言)③一些缩写词和专有名词：kilos, photos, memos(备忘录), Eskimos(爱斯基摩人), Filipinos(菲律宾人)▲有些以-f或-fe结尾的词只加-s，读作/fs/：roofs, cliffs(悬崖), proofs, beliefs, chiefs, griefs, gulfs2. 名词的所有格1(The Possessive Case of Nouns)情况构成方法读音例词及读音一般情况下，不以s结尾的名词加 ’s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在/s/ /z/ /S/ /tS/ /dZ/等音后读/Iz/Mike’s /maIks/girl’s /gÎù (r) lz/mother’s /ÈmÃD«(r)z/George’s /ÈdZù dZIz/Marx’s /ÈmAù ksIz/以s结尾的名词加 ’读音不变students’ parents’3. be动词的变化 形式人称现在时态过去时态肯定及缩略式否定及缩略式肯定及缩略式否定及缩略式第一人称单数am(’m)am not (’m not)waswas not(wasn’t)复数are(’re)are not(aren’t / ’re not)werewere not(weren’t)第二人称单数are(’re)are not(aren’t / ’re not)werewere not(weren’t)复数第三人称单数is(’s)is not(isn’t / ’s not)waswas not(wasn’t)复数are(’re)are not(aren’t / ’re not)werewere not(weren’t)4. have的各种形式 肯定否定缩略式形式肯定式缩略肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形have’vehave nothaven’t, ’ve not现在时第三人称单数 has’shas nothasn’t, ’s not过去式had’dhad nothadn’t, ’d not现在分词havingnot having过去分词had总结：he’s中的’s的非简略式应该为has或is，而不可能是was.5. do的各种形式 肯定否定缩略式形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形dodo notdon’t现在时第三人称单数doesdoes notdoesn’t过去式diddid notdidn’t6. will, would, shall, should肯定式缩略肯定式否定式缩略否定式will’llwill notwon’t, ’ll notwould’dwould notwouldn’t, ’d notshall’llshall notshan’tshouldshould notshouldn’tought to的否定式是在ought后加not，疑问式是将ought提前。
used to do中的used读/juùst/，否定式为usedn't/juùsnt/ to或didn't use/juùs/ to，一般疑问式是将used提到主语前或用Did … use/juùs/ to… ?7. 第三人称单数动词形式规则读音动词原形第三人称单数形式及读音一般动词在词尾加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音或元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/，在d后读/dz/like tell playget findlikes /laIks/ tells /telz/ plays /pleIz/gets /gets/ finds /faIndz/以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词加-es读/Iz/guessteachguesses /ÈgesIz/teaches /Ètiù tSIz/以“辅音+o”结尾的动词一般加-es读/z/dogodoes /dÃz/goes /g«Uz/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es读/z/flycarrystudyflies /flaIz/carries /ÈkQrIz/studies /ÈstÃdIz/注：have的第三人称单数形式是has。
8. 规则动词过去式、过去分词的构成构成规则原形过去式、过去分词一般加-edlook playlooked /lUkt/ played /pleId/以不发音的-e结尾的动词加-dlive hopelived /lIvd/ hoped /h«Upt/以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-edstudy worrystudied /ÈstÃdId/ worried /ÈwÃrId/末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母再加-edstop planstopped /stpt/ planned /plQnd/注：travel的过去式、过去分词的英式写法为travelled, travelled，美式写法为traveled, traveled在英语中这样的动词还有quarrel, model, control, dial, signal, worship, focus等词尾-ed的读音：读音例词在清辅音后面/t/finished /ÈfInISt/ cooked /kUkt/在浊辅音和元音后面/d/called /kù ld/ borrowed /Èbr«Ud/在/t/, /d/音后面/Id/wanted /ÈwntId/ needed /Èniù dId/9. 动词-ing形式的构成规则规则动词原形现在分词一般情况下直接加-ingbuy, find, meetbuying, finding, meeting以不发音的-e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ingcontinue, use, ridecontinuing, using, riding以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写这个辅音字母再加-ingbegin, put, occur, prefer, referbeginning, putting, occurring, preferring, referring少数以-ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ingdie, lie, tiedying, lying, tying以-oe, -ee, -ye结尾的动词，直接加-ingsee, agree, fleeseeing, agreeing, fleeing10. 形容词的比较级和最高级的规则变化及读音（副词的构成及读音基本相同）构成原级比较级最高级一般加-er, -esthighhigherhighest以字母e结尾只加-r, -stbravebraverbravest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这一辅音字母后加-er, -estbighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er, -estbusyhappyuglyearlybusierhappieruglierearlierbusiesthappiestugliestearliest多音节词在其前加more, mostenthusiasticmore enthusiasticmost enthusiastic分词形容词的比较级和最高级一般在其前加more, mostchallengingtiredmore challengingmore tiredmost challengingmost tired词尾是-er, -le和-ow的形容词可在词尾加-er, -est, 也可在前边加more, mostclevergentlenarrowcleverer/more clevergentler/more gentlenarrower/more narrowcleverest/。