《福师《大学英语（2）》课堂笔记》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《福师《大学英语（2）》课堂笔记（46页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、福师大学英语（2）第一课 Nature 课堂笔记Air Pollution 空气污染Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live.Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases.Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.空气为我们提供生存所
2、必不可少的氧气。空气中99.9 % 由氮气氧气水蒸气和惰性气体组成。 人类活动释放出的物质进入空气，其中的一些会对人类植物和动物造成影响。There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer.Each of these problems has serious effec
3、ts on our health and well-being as well as on the whole environment. 污染有几大类型，所造成的影响广为人知，也经常引发讨论, 包括烟尘酸雨温室效应和臭氧层“空洞”。这些问题已严重影响到我们的健康和幸福，也影响到整个环境。One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke is a good example of this particular matter. T
4、his type of pollution is sometimes referred to as black carbon pollution.The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air.Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques can release signific
5、ant quantities of soot into the air.一类空气污染是在燃烧燃料获取能源时将粒子排放到空气中。柴油烟雾就是一个显著的例子。这种类型的污染有时被称为“炭黑”污染。汽车住家及工业燃烧燃料所排出的废气是空气中一个主要的污染来源。 一些部门认为，即便是在壁炉中或是在烧烤时燃烧木材和木炭就能释放出大量的煤烟到空气中。Another type of pollution is the release of harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical
6、vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain.另一类污染是有毒气体的排放，如二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氮氧化物及化学蒸气。一旦它们进入大气，就会产生更为剧烈的化学反应，形成烟雾和酸雨。Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from
7、different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year.烟雾是一种大规模的户外污染。它是由来源不同的污染物之间的化学反应所导致的，这些污染物主要是汽车尾气和工业废气。城市往往是这类活动的中心。许多人深受烟雾之害，尤其是在一
8、年中温暖的几个月中。Another consequence of outdoor air pollution is acid rain. When a pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with drops of water in the air, the water or snow can become acidified. The effects of acid rain on the environment can be very serious .It damages plants by destroying their leaves,
9、 it poisons the soil, and it changes the chemistry of lakes and streams. Damage due to acid rain kills trees and harms animals, fish, and other wildlife.室外空气污染的另一个后果是酸雨。当污染物，如硫酸，与空气中的水滴结合，雨或雪就会变成酸性。酸雨对环境的影响相当严重。它通过摧毁其枝叶损害植物，毒化土壤，还改变湖泊和溪流的化学成分。酸雨造成的损害破坏树木，危害动物鱼类和其他野生动物。The greenhouse effect, also ref
10、erred to as global warming, is generally believed to come from the buildup of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the worlds plants
11、 can process. The situation is made worse since many of the earths forests are being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain. Thus, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is continuing to increase.温室效应，也被称为全球气候变暖，一般被认为是来自二氧化碳气体在大气中的积聚。燃料燃烧时产生了二氧化碳。植物又把二氧化碳变回氧气，但人类活动所释放的二氧化碳的数量超出了植物的加工
12、能力。这种情况现在变得更加严重，因为地球上的许多森林被砍伐，酸雨也破坏了植物的生命。因此，空气中的二氧化碳在不断增加。Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools.Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking.在家中、办公室内和学校里也需要考虑到污染。室内活动，例如吸烟和烹饪，也会制造一些污染物。In many countries in the world,
13、 steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution. Scientific groups study the damaging effects on plant, animal and human life. Legislative bodies write laws to control emissions. Educators in schools and universities teach students about the effects of air pollution.全
14、世界许多国家正采取措施以制止空气污染对环境的破坏。科学小组研究其对植物、动物和人类生活的破坏性后果。立法机构拟定法律，以控制废气排放。中小学校和大学的教育工作者把空气污染的影响教给学生。The first step to solve air pollution is assessment. Researchers have investigated outdoor air pollution and have developed standards for measuring the type and amount of some serious air pollutants. Scienti
15、sts must then determine how much exposure to pollutants is harmful. Once exposure levels have been set, steps can be taken to reduce exposure to air pollution. These can be accomplished by regulation of man-made pollution through legislation. Many countries have set controls on pollution emissions f
16、or transportation vehicles and industry.解决空气污染问题的第一个步骤是评估。研究人员已经调查了室外的空气污染，并制定了标准以计量一些导致严重后果的空气污染物的种类和数量。科学家们必须由此确定多少污染物暴露在空气中是有害的。一旦暴露水平被确立，就可以减少导致空气污染的暴露。可以通过立法调节人为制造的污染问题。许多国家已经对交通工具和工业的污染排放量进行了控制。Prevention is another key to controlling air pollution. The regulatory agencies mentioned above play an essential role in reducing and preventing air pollution in the environment.控制空气污染的另一个关键是预防。上述的监管机构在减少和防止环境
