英语语法：被动语态用法大全 英语语法：被动语态用法大全 概念 语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系 英语的语态包括两种形式： 主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者巧记为：主动、主动、主去动 Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象 巧记为：被动、被动、主被动English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者He opened the door.他开了门主动句)The door was opened.门被开了被动句) 构成 His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词 ( + by + 动作执行者) 形式 被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by +行为发出者”，即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态，通过助动词be的变化来表示： 1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already. 8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didn’t know that my watch had been mended . 9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.style="BOX-SIZING: border-box !important; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MAX-WIDTH: 100%; WORD-WRAP: break-word !important; PADDING-TOP: 0px">初中英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时 运用 第一种情况：不知道动作的执行者，就是不知道谁干的Dan's bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
My windows were broken yesterday. 我的窗户昨天被打烂了 第二种情况：没有必要交代动作的执行者，就是说：不用说出来大家也知道谁干的Rice is also grown in North China. 华北地区也种水稻A new railway station will be built next year. 明年要建一座新的火车站 第三种：为了强调动作的承受者，这里我们比较一下主动和被动：Prisoners of War built the bridge. 战俘修建了这座桥此句的主句是 Prisoners of War，是来回答 Who built the bridge? 这个问句，所以此句强调的是动作的执行者---战俘，交代战俘做了什么事变被动之后：The bridge was built by Prisoners of War.这座桥是被战俘修建的这样说的话，主语变成了“the bridge”---这座桥，此句是回答 What was built? 所以此句是强调“什么被建造”即强调动作的承受者又如：The book was written by Shi Naian. 这本书是施耐庵写的。
以上是被动语态使用的三种情况或者说时机，第三种虽然强调动作的承受者，但一般也要交代动作的执行者，用 by + 执行者 来表达 主动语态变成被动语态 1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的 主动语态：人们说英语People speak English in many countries.被动语态：英语被说English is spoken in many countries..主动语态：我们造这座桥We built this bridge last year.被动语态：这座桥被建造This bridge was built last year.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语)Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语)You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.语态转换时所注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。
1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off 。