hewitt多维完美主义量表在中学生群体中的修订IntroductionHewitt's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS) is a widely used measure of perfectionism that assesses three dimensions of perfectionism: self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and other-oriented perfectionism. The scale has been used extensively in research with adult populations and shows good psychometric properties. However, there has been limited research on its use with adolescents, particularly in Chinese middle school students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to revise the HMPS to be more applicable to the middle school population in China.MethodA total of 500 middle school students (250 female, 250 male) from two schools in China participated in the study. The participants completed the original HMPS as well as a revised version of the scale that was modified to be more appropriate for Chinese middle school students. The revised scale was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and other psychometric tests.ResultsThe results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the revised version of the HMPS had better model fit compared to the original scale. Moreover, the revised version of the scale showed higher reliability and validity compared to the original scale. Specifically, the self-oriented perfectionism subscale had the highest internal consistency, followed by the socially prescribed perfectionism subscale, and finally the other-oriented perfectionism subscale.DiscussionThe findings of this study confirm the utility of the HMPS in measuring perfectionism among middle school students in China. However, the modifications made to the scale to increase its applicability to this population seem to have improved the fit of the model and psychometric properties of the scale. Therefore, it is recommended that researchers use the revised version of the HMPS when studying perfectionism in Chinese middle school students.Limitations and Future ResearchDespite the strengths of the revised HMPS, the study had several limitations. First, the sample consisted only of middle school students in two schools in China, limiting generalizability to other populations. Second, although the revised version of the HMPS showed better psychometric properties compared to the original scale, more research is needed to evaluate the scale's test-retest reliability and convergent validity.ConclusionThe present study revised the HMPS to make it more appropriate for Chinese middle school students. The revisions made to the scale appear to have improved its psychometric properties, making it a reliable and valid measure of perfectionism in this population. Researchers and practitioners can use the revised version of the HMPS to better understand the nature of perfectionism in Chinese middle school students.Implications for PracticeThe revised version of the HMPS can have important implications for practice, particularly in school settings. Middle school students in China are under a great deal of pressure to perform academically and socially, which can contribute to the development of maladaptive perfectionism. The revised HMPS can provide valuable information on the nature and extent of perfectionism among these students, enabling educators and counselors to tailor their interventions to better address the needs of these students.For example, the revised HMPS can be used to identify students who are at risk of developing maladaptive perfectionism and provide them with targeted support to prevent the negative consequences associated with this form of perfectionism. Additionally, the scale can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at reducing maladaptive perfectionism among middle school students in China.Limitations and Future ResearchAs noted earlier, the present study had several limitations, including the limited scope of the sample and the need for further examination of the revised HMPS's test-retest reliability and convergent validity. Future research should also explore the potential cultural differences in the experience of perfectionism among middle school students in different regions of China.Additionally, future studies should investigate the psychological and social factors that are associated with the different dimensions of perfectionism in Chinese middle school students. For example, more research is needed to explore the relationship between academic pressure and socially prescribed perfectionism in this population.ConclusionThe revised version of the HMPS can provide valuable insights into the nature and extent of perfectionism among Chinese middle school students. The scale's modifications appear to have improved its validity and reliability, making it a useful tool for researchers and practitioners working with this population. However, ongoing research is needed to confirm the psychometric properties of the revised HM。