不定代词用法归纳一、不定代词概说英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语二、指两者和三者的不定代词有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混:Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。
具体使用时应注意以下几点:1. 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?2. 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their:Everyone knows this, doesn’t’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗?If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着3. 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they:Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?4. anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (分开写):any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)四、other, another, others, any other, the other 的用法 1. other 表示泛指,意为“另外的、其它的”。
常与复数名词或不可数名词连用如果其前有 the, this, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词如: I have no other place to go. 2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数可单独使用,也可后接名词如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”如: This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one). We need another three assistants in our shop. 3. others :它是 other 的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词如: He has more concern for others than for himself. 4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个如: China is larger than any other country in Asia. 5. the other :表示两者中的另外一个。
可单独使用,也可接单数名词如: No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. 五、each 与 every 的用法 1. each 强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”,在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语如: There are trees and flowers at each side of the road. 2. every 强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,只能作定语,不能说 every of them ,要说 every one of them 如: Every student in our class works hard. 六、no one 与 none 的用法 1. no one 意为“没有人”,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词 of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答 who 引导的问句如: — Who is in the classroom? — No one. 2. none 既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用,通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”,回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。
如: They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest. 七、so little 与 such little的区别用so little还是such little取决于little的意思:若表示数量方面的“少”,则用so little;若表示形状体积的“小”,则用such little:He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜I’ve never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子八、some 与 any的用法区别一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any:Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?【说明】any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。
Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以 十、few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别1. few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂2. little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似:Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。