Unit 2 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本章重点语法知识一、由that,if和whether引导的宾语从句 1.由陈述句充当宾语从句时，这个宾语从句由that引导，在口语中that可以省略 I hear(that) she’s going to give you a call. 注意：（1）宾语从句要用陈述句语序 I believe that she has left the city. (2)如果主句是一般过去时，从句则只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时） I said that it was time we were setting out. (3)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象或公式、定理、谚语、名人名言等，则用一般现在时。
He said that light travels faster than sound.2.由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，该从句由if/whether引导，且从句要用陈述句语序 He asked if/whether they needed any help. 温馨提示： if和whether引导的宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但要注意下列情况： (1)宾语从句至句首时用whetherWhether it is true or not,I can’t say. (2)介词后用whether .It depends on whether you can do the work well. (3)与不定式连用whetherHe can’t decide whether to accept or refuse. (4)当与or not连用时用whether二．what和how引导的感叹句 1.感叹句句型结构 （1）what引导的感叹句的中心词时名词该名词前常有形容词修饰，句中的主语和谓语一般可省去句型结构为：what(+a/an)+形容词+名词（主语+谓语）！ What a cold day(it is) today! What delicious food(it is)! What引导感叹句中的名词若为单数可数名词，要用不定冠词a/an，而不用the；若为复数或不可数名词，则不用冠词。
（2）how引导的感叹句的中心词时形容词或副词其句型结构为：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！或how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ How cold it is today! How happy the children are! 2.陈述句改为感叹句常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法： (1)“一断”，即在谓语动词后边断开，把句子分成两部分 She is~a beautiful girl. He works ~hard. (2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一个词为形容词、副词，就加上how；如果是名词（词组），就加上what She is~（what）a beautiful girl. He works ~(how) hard. (3)“三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹句 What a beautiful girl she is! How hard he works!易错易混全解bring,carry,fetch与take (1)bring表示“拿来，带来”，指从别处把某物带来它表示单程，与take的方向相反。
This little girl brought me here. (2)carry表示“携带，搬运”，有“负担”的含义，它指从一地到另一地的运动，但不说明动作的方向 The box is too heavy for me to carry. (3)fetch表示“去取来，去请来”，指到别处去把某物取来，或把某人接来它表示往返，指双程 He rushed home to fetch his raincoat. Run and fetch the doctor, please . (4)take表示“拿走，带走”，指把某物从说话者所在地拿走，或把人带走它指单程，与bring的方向相反 Take the letter to the post office. I want to take some books to the classroom. Could you help me, please 1. The cat ______ on the kitchen floor when I came in.A. was lying B. was laying C. lied D. lay2. — Can you spare time to come to our Thanksgiving party?— Well, I don’t know ____A. that I can finish my work by thenB. if can I finish the work by thenC. whether I can finish the work by thenD. that can I finish the work by then 3. ______ fine weather it is today!A. What a B. How a C. What D. How4. I’ve decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering ______ you could go with me.A. if B. when C. that D. Where5. Mother told me sound ______ slower than light.A. traveled B. travel C. travels D. traveling解析：1. A 由句意“当我进来时，猫正卧在厨房的地板上”可知，此处应用过去进行时，lie（躺）的现在分词为lying，故选A。
2. C 由句意“你能抽时间参见感恩节聚会吗？ 我不太确定那是我能不能完成我的工作且宾语从句中从句为陈述句语序，故选C3. C weather为不可数名词，故用what引导感叹句且不用冠词a4. A 句意：我已经决定下周末去伦敦我想知道你是否能和我一起去5. C 句意：妈妈告诉我声音传播得比光慢宾语从句所述内容为客观真理时，其时态要用一般现在时，故选C基础演练从方框中选择合适的词完成句子，注意词形的变化put on, lay, treat, lie, steal, end up, spread, tie1. Kate ate five meals a day during the summer vacation. She has __________ 8 pounds.2. I am going to __________ myself to a new pair of shoes.3. Santa Claus __________ love and joy everywhere he goes.4. If he doesn't make a change, he will __________ in prison.5. She __________ the baby down gently on the bed last night.6. Clothes were __________ all over the floor.7. We've found out he'd been __________ from us for years.8. Common gifts for Father's Day are shirts and __________.答案： 1.put on 2. treat 3. spreads 4. end up 5. laid 6. lying 7. stealing 8. Ties巩固提高一．将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词。
1. The weather is fine.________ ________ ________ it is!2. The stories are very boring.________ ________ the stories are!3. The building is so tall.________ ________ tall building it is!4. Tom is running very fast.________ ________ Tom is running!5. The boy is very lazy.________ ________ the boy is![答案：What fine weather How boring 3. What a4. How fast 5. How lazy二．将下列句子合并成含宾语从句的复合句1. The girl dances very well. I believe.____________________________________________2. They will visit the Great Wall next Friday. I’m sure.____________________________________________3. Can Mike speak Chinese? I wonder.____________________________________________Is she washing clothes at home? Nobody knows.____________________________________________5. You should say hello to her. I think.____________________________________________答案： 1. believe (that) the girl dances very well.2. I’m sure (that) they will visit the Great Wall next Friday.3. I wonder whether / if Mike can speak Chinese.4. Nobody knows whether / if she is washing clothes at home.5. I think (that) you should say hello to her。