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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题A few months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundreds of people to watch their companys official introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、
2、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题How come they have the freedom to disrupt and （ ） the torch relay, whereas Olympic-loving people have not the freedom to
3、 welcome the torch?问题1选项A.destructB.destroyC.sabotageD.damage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项destruct “毁坏”，B项destroy “消灭”，C项sabotage “蓄意破坏”，D项damage “损害”；句意：难道只有破坏分子干扰破坏火炬传递的自由，就没有热爱奥林匹克运动的人们去欢迎火炬的自由吗？因此C选项正确。3. 单选题When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily （ ） into a nightmare of the most serious pr
4、oportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A项backwash “回流、反响”，B项backdate “回溯”，C项backlash “强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题The discussion quickly （ ） into an angry argument.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.dec
5、lined【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate “恶化”，B项aggravate “加重、激怒”，C项increase “提高”，D项decline “拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题The （ ） for travelling without a ticket is 200.问题1选项A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析。A项形容词penal “刑事的、刑罚的”，B项名词panel “仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize “处罚、处刑”，D项名词penalt
6、y “罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题There is a risk that （ ） chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项destructive “破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic “有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious “恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题The new policies will （ ） r
7、ather than help poor families.问题1选项A.hideB.hinderC.hintD.hind【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项动词hide “隐藏”，B项动词hinder “阻碍、打扰”，C项动词hint “暗示、示意”，D项形容词hind “后部的”；句意：新政策将阻碍而不是帮助贫困家庭。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题This will allow our citizens to build connections with peoples overseas and to develop skills and contacts that will help t
8、hem （ ） in the global economy.问题1选项A.surviveB.striveC.thriveD.stride【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项survive “生存”，B项strive “努力、奋斗”，C项thrive “繁荣”，D项stride “跨过”；句意：这将使我们的公民与海外人民建立联系，发展技能和增加接触，帮助他们在全球经济环境中生存。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题A piece of glass was embedded （ ） her hand.问题1选项A.withB.withinC.inD.inside【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项w
9、ith “和”，B项within “在之内”，C项in “在里”，D项inside “内部、内侧”；句意：一块玻璃扎在她的手上。embed in “嵌入”；因此C选项正确。10. 单选题The law can （ ） fathers to make regular payments for their children.问题1选项A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compel “强迫、迫使”，B项comply “遵守、顺从”，C项complain “抱怨”，D项combine “联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支
10、付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。11. 写作题Directions: “Publish or perish” is well-known in the academic world. Do you agree or disagree with this view points. Please express your opinion in about 150 words.【答案】略12. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the start of the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appe
11、ared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any
12、 （ ）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不能获得任何股息。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free”
13、 course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to （2） a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was
14、an international grand master, which （5） I would be learning from one of the games （6）. I could hardly wait to （7） him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it （9） that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to （10） the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and
