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1、 毕业设计（论文）目 录引言 11 数控转台的工作原理及其方案论证2 1.1 数控转台的工作原理 21.2 方案论证21.2.1 转台系统的方案论证21.2.2 控制系统的方案论证42 机械部分设计42.1 转台本体设计42.2 选择电动机52.2.1 各轴转速的计算52.2.2 计算最大静转矩52.3 齿轮的设计62.3.1 选择齿轮材料、热处理齿面硬度、精度等级及齿数 62.3.2 设计计算72.4 蜗轮蜗杆设计92.4.1 双导程蜗杆蜗轮副概述 102.4.2 蜗轮蜗杆设计计算113 控制部分的设计 153.1 系统功能与设计要求153.2 方案选择 163.2.1 转台系统163.2.
2、2 步进电动机控制器163.3 系统硬件设计173.3.1 步进电动机的选择173.3.2 脉冲分配器接口电路设计173.3.3 功率放大器电路183.3.4 8098单片机及其EPROM、RAM系统扩展193.3.5 LED显示器与小键盘的扩展203.4 系统控制与软件编程223.4.1用DDA方法产生参考脉冲序列223.4.2 软件分配器293.4.3 8279的编程323.4.4 系统总体软件编程33小结36总结37致谢38参考文献39摘要现代数控技术的发展日新月异，机床的新结构、新技术不断出现，使机床附件也随之发展迅速。伺服转台在数控机床上的应用越来越多。本次设计的是数控机床上使用的伺
3、服转台，通过在原工作台上安装数控转台，可以实现较高精度的旋转定位。一些难于加工的零件因为有了数控转台，从而使加工过程变得简单。数控回转工作台主要应用于铣床等，特别是在加工复杂的空间曲面方面（如航空发动机叶片、船用螺旋桨等），由于回转工作台具有圆周进给运动，易于实现与X、Y、Z三坐标的联动，但需与高性能的数控系统相配套。伺服转台的出现，可以替代原有精度不高的机械转台，伺服转台可以实现高的精度要求，使一些难以达到加工要求的零件很轻松的达到要求. 此次设计采用的是步进电动机驱动蜗轮蜗杆转动从而带动数控转台转动。采用开环系统回转工作台，其特点为结构简单、控制方便、投资少。采用步进电动机伺服驱动，满足中
4、等精度的数控机床的控制要求。此设计中的传动机构主要包括两部分：齿轮传动和蜗轮蜗杆传动。齿轮传动是机械传动中最主要的一类传动，它由装在两轴上的主、从动齿轮所组成，通过轮齿间的啮合传递运动和动力。蜗杆传动由蜗轮和蜗杆组成，用于传递空间两交错轴之间的运动和动力，通常两轴交错角为90，该传动广泛应用于各种机器和仪器中。本设计的控制部分是由Intel MCS-8098单片机构成的步进电动机通用驱动控制器来控制其运动的。主要由人机接口、参考脉冲与脉冲分配器及功率放大等功能块组成。把机械部分和控制部分结合起来，就可以满足步进电动机伺服系统的精度要求。关键词 数控伺服转台 数空机床附件 传动机构 Title
5、Step-by-steps the direct motor drive servoturnplate design AbstractThe modern numerical control technology development changes with each new day, the engine bed new structure, the new technology appear unceasingly, cause the engine bed appendix to be also rapid along with it development. The servo t
6、urnplate are more and more many on numerical control engine bed application. This design the servo turnplate which is on the numerical control engine bed uses, through installs the numerical control turnplate on the original work table, may realize the high precision revolving localization. Some dif
7、ficulty with process because the components had the numerical control turnplate, thus causes the processing process to become simple.The numerical control rotary table mainly applies in the milling machine and so on, specially in processing complex space-like surface aspect (for example aircraft eng
8、ine leaf blade, ship with propeller and so on), because the rotary table has the circumference feed motion, easy to realize with X, Y, the Z three coordinates linkages, but must form a complete set with the high performance numerical control system. The servo turnplate appearance, may substitute the
9、 original precision not high mechanical turnplate, the servo turnplate may realize the high precision request, enables some to achieve with difficulty the processing request the components very relaxed meet the requirements.Thus this design uses is step-by-steps the direct motor drive worm gear worm
10、 bearing adjuster rotation the impetus numerical control turnplate rotation. Uses the open system rotary table, its characteristic for the structure simple, the control convenient, invests few. Uses step-by-steps the electric motor servo to actuate, to satisfy the medium precision the numerical cont
11、rol engine bed control request. In this design transmission system mainly includes two parts: Gear drive and worm gear worm drive.The gear drive is in the mechanical drive a most main kind of transmission, it by the attire on two axis hosts, the driven gear is composed, meshing transmission movement
12、 and power through gear teeth between. The worm drive is composed by the worm gear and the worm bearing adjuster, uses in transmitting the space two to interlock between the axis the movement and the power, the usual two axis alternate angle for 90, this transmission widely applies in each kind of machine and the instrument.This design control section is monolithic integrated cir
