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1、摘 要本论文主要说明组合机床设计的基本过程及要求。组合机床是按高度集中原则设计的，即在一台机床上可以同时完成同一种工序或多种不同工序的加工。组合机床发展于工业生产末期，与传统的机床相比：组合机床具有许多优点：效率高、精度高、成本低。它由床身、立柱、工作台、及电源一些基本部件及一些特殊部件，根据不同的工件加工所需而设计的。 在组合机床上可以完成很多工序，但就目前使用的大多数组合机床来说，则主要用于平面加工和孔加工两大类工序。本论文则说明钻孔组合机床的设计，用来完成钻6个孔的工序。主要内容包括三大部分：（1）、制定工艺方案 通过了解被加工零件的加工特点、精度和技术要求、定位夹紧情况、生产效率及机床
2、的结构特点等，确定在组合机床上完成的工艺内容及加工方法，并绘制被加工零件工序图。（2）、组合机床的总体设计确定机床各部件之间的相互关系，选择通用部件和刀具的导向，计算切削用量及机床生产效率、绘制机床的尺寸联系图及加工示意图。（3）、组合机床部件设计包括专用主轴箱的设计，传动布局合理，轴与齿轮之间不发生干涉，保证传动的平稳性和精确性。专用主轴设计、轴承的选用及电机的选择等。另外，本文还涉及到大量的设计和计算，包括：（1）、主轴的选择和传动布置，以保证加工过程中被加工零件的精度；（2）、传动轴的设计和校核，以保证轴的刚度；（3）、齿轮的设计、计算，对齿轮的强度和刚度进行校核；关键字：组合机床；设计
3、；过程；功能AbstractThis thesis mainly elucidates the basic process and requirements that design of the combination machine. Combination machine is designed according the fundamental , which highly centralized ,or , more correctly it can process one working procedure or more different working procedures a
4、t one time . Combination machine was developed in the end of industrial production compared with traditional machine; combination machine has many advantages , such as high efficiency , high accuracy and low cost . It is composed of some general parts , such as bed ,column ,work able ,power unit ,an
5、d some special parts designed according to different work piece machining need. The preface of a lot of works can be completed on the combination machine, but in regard to the majority current usage of combination machine, then and primarily used for the flat surface to process and the bore to proce
6、ss two big work preface. This thesis expounds all the processes of the throttle values tappets hole of the air cylinder boring the combination drill that designs of machine .The main part including :(1) Formulating technological plan We,ve learned the characteristic of the part designed ,accuracy an
7、d specification ,locating and fixing ,productivity and machining structure by the practice .Then the technological operation and work order can be determined which can be finished in combination machine.(2) Combination machine frame design determines the interrelation of the different part in the ma
8、chining tool ,select general parts and tool oriented .Then compute cut feed and productivity finally draw a sketch map of the machine .(3) Combination machine parts design including headstock、proper transmission layout 、shaft and gear move freely without interference which ensure the stability and a
9、ccuracy during transmission ,then design dedicated select bearings and engine etc.Hydraulic pressure equipment design slipway and locating and fixing device are all controlled by hydraulic pressure .It adopts many hydraulic control valves ,which ensure the stability ,circulation and accuracy . In ad
10、dition ,the thesis deals with amount of components devices and calculations ,including :(1) Choice of the main shaft and disposal of transmission , by doing so to ensure the accuracy of components machining in process when the main shaft rotating; (2)The device and check of the transmission shaft ,s
11、o it can assure the rigidity of the shaft is allowable ;(3) Gear device and calculations ,check the performance in the strength and rigidity of it ; Design of the hydraulic pressure system Hydraulic system is a very important part in this thesis ,the design of it here not only ensures the rationalit
12、y 、equipoise and stability of the motion of the slipway ,but also satisfies the requirements of different work environment .So many design and calculations about it in this thesis suggests this system fully meets the requirements in design and work theoretically. Keywords: combination machine ;desig
13、n ;process ;function目 录摘 要iAbstractii1绪论11.1、组合机床及其特点11.2、组合机床的分类212.1、具有固定式夹具的单工位组合机床21.2.2、具有移动式夹具的（多工位）组合机床21.23、转塔主轴箱式组合机床31.3、组合机床的工艺范围31.4、组合机床的发展方向32 组合机床总体设计62.1、组合机床工艺方案的制定62.1.1、加工工序和加工精度62.1.2、被加工零件特点62.1.3、工件生产方式62.1.4、工艺基面的分析72.1.5、加工工艺的分析72.1.6、切削用量的选择72.2、组合机床切削用量的选择82.3、组合机床配置型式的选择82
14、.4、组合机床的总体方案设计82.4.1、被加工零件工序图92.4.2、加工示意图92.4.3、组合机床生产率的计算132.4.4、机床总体联系尺寸图的绘制153 主轴箱部件设计173.1主轴箱设计173.2 主轴设计173.3 齿轮布置173.3.1、传动比分配：173.3.2、计算转速和转向193.4、绘制传动系统图204 主轴箱零件校核214 .1、齿轮的校核214.1.1、材料、热处理、许用应力214.1.2、验算齿面接触疲劳强度214.1.3验算齿根弯曲疲劳强度224.2、轴的校核234.2.1、轴的材料：234.2.2、轴的功率P、转速n、转矩T、轴径d234.2.3、按计算弯矩校
15、核234.2.4、疲劳强度计算284.3、轴承的选择与校核314.3.1、选轴承、确定额定动负荷314.3.3、求轴承受的轴向力Fa314.3.4、求轴承的当量动负荷P3243.5、计算轴承寿命：32总 结33参考文献34 1绪论1.1、组合机床及其特点组合机床是由大量的通用部件和少量专用部件组成的工序集中的高效专用机床。它能够对一种（或多种）零件进行多刀、多轴、多面、多工位加工。在组合机床上可以完成钻孔、扩孔、铰孔、镗孔、攻丝、车削、铣削、磨削及滚压等工序，生产效率高，加工精度稳定。组合机床与通用机床、其他专用机床比较，具有以下特点：(1)组合机床上的通用部件和标准零件约占全部机床零、部件总量的7080%，因此设计和制造的周期短，投资少，经济效果好。(2)由于组合机床采用多刀加工，并且自动化程度高，因而比 通用机床生产效率高，产品质量稳定，劳动强度低。(3)组合机床的通用部件是经过周密设计和长期生产实践考验的，又有专门厂成批制造，因此结构稳定、工作可靠，使用和维修方便。(4)在组合机床上加工零件时，由于采用专用夹具、刀具和导向装置等，加工质量靠工艺装备保证，对操作工人的技术水平要求不高。(5)当被加工产品
