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1、常用物理数据基本物理常量名称符号、数值和单位真空中的光速电子的电荷普朗克常量阿伏伽德罗常量原子质量单位电子的静止质量电子的荷质比法拉第常量氢原子的里德伯常量摩尔气体常量玻尔兹曼常量洛施密特常量万有引力常量标准大气压冰点的绝对温度声音在空气中的速度（标准状态下）干燥空气的密度（标准状态下）水银的密度（标准状态下）理想气体的摩尔体积（标准状态下）真空中介电常量（电容率）真空中磁导率钠光谱中黄线的波长镉光谱中红线的波长（15，101325Pa）c2.99792458108m/se1.60218921019Ch6.6261761034JsN06.0220451023mol1u1.66056551027
2、kgme9.1095341031kge/me1.75880471011C/kgF9.648456104C/molRH1.096776107m1R8.31441J/(molk)k1.3806221023J/Kn2.687191025m3G6.67201011Nm2/kg2P0101325PaT0273.15Kv331.46m/s空气1.293kg/m3水银13595.04kg/m3Vm22.41383103m3/mol08.8541881012F/m012.566371107H/mD589.3109mc d643.84696109m在20时固体和液体的密度物质密度(kg/m3)物质密度(kg/m
3、3)铝铜铁银金钨铂铅锡水银钢2698.9896078741050019320193002145011350729813546.276007900石英水晶玻璃冰(0)乙醇乙醚汽车用汽油弗利昂12（氟氯烷12）变压器油甘油2500280029003000880920789.471471072013298408901260在标准大气压下不同温度时水的密度温度t（）密度(kg/m3)温度t（）密度(kg/m3)温度t（）密度(kg/m3)0123456789101112131415999.841999.900999.941999.965999.973999.965999.941999.902999.8
4、49999.781999.700999.605999.498999.377999.244999.09916171819202122232425262728293031998.943998.774998.595998.405998.203997.992997.770997.538997.296997.044996.783996.512996.232995.944995.646995.3403233343536373839405060708090100995.025994.702994.371994.031993.68993.33992.96992.59992.21988.04983.21977.
5、78971.80965.31958.35在海平面上不同纬度处的重力加速度纬度（度）g（m/s2）纬度（度）g（m/s2）0510152025303540459.780499.780889.782049.783949.786529.789699.783389.797469.801809.806295055606570758085909.810799.815159.819249.822949.826149.828739.830659.831829.83221表中所列数值是根据公式g9.78049(10.005288sin20.000006sin2)算出的，其中为纬度。固体的线膨胀系数物质温度或温度
6、范围（）（1061）铝铜铁金银钢（0.05%碳）康铜铅锌铂钨石英玻璃窗玻璃花岗石瓷器010001000100010001000100010001000100010001002020020200202070023.817.112.214.319.612.015.229.2329.14.50.569.5693.44.1在20时某些金属的弹性模量（杨氏模量)金属杨氏模量Y（GPa）（kgf/mm2）铝钨铁铜金银锌镍铬合金钢碳钢康铜69704071862061031277769807820323524520621619620616070007100415001900021000105001300079
7、007000820080002050024000250002100022000200002100016300杨氏弹性模量的值与材料的结构、化学成分及其加工制造方法有关。因此，在某些情况下，Y的值可能与表中所列的平均值不同。在20时与空气接触的液体的表面张力系数液体（103N/m）液体（103N/m）石油煤油松节油水肥皂溶液弗利昂12302428.872.75409.0甘油水银篦麻乙醇乙醇（在60时）乙醇（在0时）6351336.422.018.424.1在不同温度下与空气接触的水的表面张力系数温度()(103N/m)温度()(103N/m)温度()(103N/m)056810111213141
8、575.6274.9074.7674.4874.2074.0773.9273.7873.6473.481617181920212223242573.3473.2073.0572.8972.7572.6072.4472.2872.1271.963040506070809010071.1569.5567.9066.1764.4162.6060.7458.84不同温度时水的粘滞系数温度（）粘滞系数温度（）粘滞系数（Pas）（106kgfs /mm2）（Pas）（106kgfs /mm2）010203040501787.81305.31004.2801.2653.1549.2182.3133.1102
9、.481.766.656.060708090100469.7406.0355.0314.8282.547.941.436.232.128.8某些液体的粘滞系数液体温度（）（Pas）液体温度（）（Pas）汽油甲醇乙醇乙醚变压器篦麻油葵花子油0180202002002020102017885308175842780178011902962431980024210450000甘油蜂蜜鱼肝油水银2002010020802080200201001341061211051499103129456501041001034560046001855168515541224不同温度时干燥空气中的声速（单位：m/s
10、）温度（）01234567896050403020100102030405060708090366.05360.51354.89349.18343.37337.46331.45325.33319.09312.72306.22299.58292.79285.84278.72271.41366.60361.07355.46349.75343.95338.06332.06324.71318.45312.08305.56298.91292.11285.14278.00270.67367.14361.62356.02350.33344.54338.65332.66324.09317.82311.4330
11、4.91298.24291.42284.43277.27269.92367.69362.18356.58350.90345.12339.25333.27323.47317.19310.78304.25397.56290.73283.73276.55269.18368.24362.74357.15351.47345.70339.84333.87322.84316.55310.14303.58296.89290.03283.02275.82268.43368.78363.29357.71352.04346.29340.43334.47322.22315.92309.49302.92296.21289.34282.30275.09267.68369.33363.84358.27352.62346.87341.0233
