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1、外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：FAILURE ANALYSIS OF A MINE HOIST ROPE Astarte-An extensive investigation was carried out to determine the cause of the early retirement of an inservicehoist rope. The rope was retired earlier than expected because it met the criteria for removal based on the number and distribution of
2、wire breaks. Its chemistry, strength and ductility compared favorably to standards for new ropes. Metallography revealed minor anomalies, but these appeared indiscriminately in both the good and the bad segments, and in both broken and unbroken wires. Only one item appeared to be related to the fail
3、ure of wires, and this was the appearance of a construction anomaly. This anomaly, termed a dive, disrupts the construction of the strand, and may cause excessive crown wear or unusual wear patterns.The wire breaks removed from the rope were all found in the vicinity of dives. The investigation sugg
4、ests that the dives are responsible for the premature retirement of the hoist rope. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.1. INTRODUCTIONWire ropes transmit large axial loads, and exhibit extreme flexibility. In addition, a wire rope is designed so that it can withstand some wire breaks without a loss o
5、f integrity. These characteristics make wire rope a versatile component in many systems. Wire ropes are used in many industries,with applications that include mining, offshore oil production, and towing or mooring of ships. The Albany Research Center has been studying the degradation mechanisms of w
6、ire ropes with the goal of more accurately predicting when the end of the useful life of a rope has been reached. In partnership with Henderson Mine, Albany Research Center personnel investigated a hoist rope that was retired after an unexpectedly short service life.After 9 months of service, the ro
7、pe was retired because it exceeded the allowable number of broken wires per lay length 1. Two rope segments were selected for investigation. One segment was at or near the location that required retirement because of broken wires (hereafter referred to as the bad segment), and the other segment came
8、 from the dead wrap on the drum (hereafter referred to as the good segment). The two segments were analyzed for differences in construction, steel composition and processing, and mechanical properties. Since it was felt that this rope was retired prematurely, the analysis was designed to identify, a
9、nd, if possible, quantify, any differences that might account for the wire breaks. Initial examination focussed on two broad questions: (1) what are the differences between the wires in the good and the bad rope segments, and (2) are there any physical or mechanical differences between broken and un
10、broken wires in the bad segment?2. BACKGROUNDWire ropes are composed of wires wound into bundles called strands, which are then wound into the final rope (Fig. 1). The centermost wire of a strand, known as the king wire, provides support for the wires wrapped around it. One or more layers may be wra
11、pped around the king wire to form the strand. The last layer of wires forms the outside of the strand, and, hence, the wires are called outside wires. The number, size and arrangement of wires in a strand, and the number of strands in a rope, determine its construction. The wires within the strand a
12、nd the strand within theFig. 1. The three basic components of a wire rope are the wire, the strand, and the core. The wire is a single, continuous length of metal that is drawn from a rod. The strand is a symmetrically arranged and helically wound assembly of wires. The core is the central member of
13、 a wire rope, about which the strands are laid. It can be made of a fiber, a wire strand, or an independent wire rope. rope can be wound in either a right or a left helix. Wire rope terminology refers to a right regular lay or left lang lay. The terms right and left refer to the helix of the strand
14、within the rope, while the lay refers to the relationship between the helix of the wires in the strand and the helix of the strand in the rope. A regular lay rope has the wires in the strand wound in the opposite direction to the strands in the rope, whereas a lang lay rope has the wires in the stra
15、nd and the strands in the rope wound in the same direction. The rope core can be either another strand, a smaller rope called the independent wire rope core (IWRC), or a fiber. A non-rotating rope (also known as a rotationresistant rope) is a specialty rope that consists of multiple layers of strand
16、s where different types of lays are alternated to reduce the natural rotation of the rope.The wear that occurs within ropes used in mine hoisting operations usually occurs as the result of one of three types of contact: (1) contact of the outer strands of the rope with an external member, such as a sheave, drum, or layer of rope on the drum, a contact that is often called crown wear; (2) line contact between wires within a single strand or between strands; and
