毕业论文《傲慢与偏见》对话中的言语行为名： 学 号：学 院： 应用文理学院专 业： 英语语言文化师： 2010年4月25日Speech Act in the conversations of Pride and PrejudiceA Thesis SubmittedToThe Department of Foreign Languages and CultureIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of Artsin the Subject ofEnglish Language and LiteratureByLi ShuoDirected ByDu NingCollege of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Union UniversityBeijingApril 2010摘要言语行为理论，最早由牛津大学语言学家 John L. Austin 所创建，后来美国语言 学家 John R. Searle 在其基础上将言语行为理论发展壮大它作为语用学的一类， 近年来被广泛应用到文学分析中。
之所以可以将言语行为理论与文学作品相结 合，一方面是因为文学作品可以为理论分析提供丰富的语料，另一方面从该角度 对文学作品进行分析也可以帮我们更好地理解文学作品随着语用学的发展壮 大，这种文学与语言学的结合形式必将迈入一个新的纪元本文将以语言学家塞 尔的言语行为理论为框架，以英国著名作家简 .奥斯丁的代表作之一《傲慢与偏 见》为文本，着重从言外作用角度即：阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类和宣告 类这五种基本言语行为对小说主人公伊丽莎白与达西的对话进行分析和解读，从 而反应出小说人物之间的矛盾冲突，并进一步验证了用言语行为理论对文学作品 进行赏析的可行性关键词：言语行为，言外作用，偏见AbstractSpeech Act Theory is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which was originated with the Oxford philosopher John Langshaw Austin and then developed by the American philosopher John R. Searle. As one of the means in pragmatics, it can deal with particular utterances in literature works because on one hand, literature works offer resourceful raw materials for linguistic study; one the other hand, the use of linguistic theory in the literature gives us a better understanding of the works. With the development of pragmatics especially the speech act theory, its combination with literature leads us into a new era. Accordingly, the present research, on the basis of Searle's speech act theory will analyze the illocutionary force in the conversation between Elizabeth and Darcy under various settings in Pride and Prejudice to interpret Elizabeth's prejudice against Darcy.Key words: speech act theory, illocutionary forces, prejudiceContentsIntroduction 11 Classification of Speech Acts 21.1 Three Levels of Speech Acts 21.2 Classification of Illocutionary Acts 32 Analysis of Illocutionary Acts in Pride and Prejudice 42.1 Elizabeth and Darcy's Conversation in Pride and Prejudice as Assertives 52.2 Elizabeth and Darcy's Conversation in Pride and Prejudice as Directives 62.3 Elizabeth and Darcy's Conversation in Pride and Prejudice as Commissives 72.4 Elizabeth and Darcy's Conversation inPride and Prejudice as Expressives 92.5 Elizabeth and Darcy's Conversation in Pride and Prejudice as Declarations 9Conclusion 9Works Cited. 10Bibliography 11Acknowledgements 11IntroductionSpeech Act Theory is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which was originated with the Oxford philosopher John Langshaw Austin （ 胡, 186）, and then developed by the American philosopher John R. Searle. It is under Searle's influence that the study of performatives becomes the study of “speech acts”. Most of the major terminology of the subject today comes from Searle. According to Vanhoozer's delightful characterization, “If Austin is the Luther of speech act philosophy, John Searle may be considered its Melanchthon—its systematic theologian” （Briggs, qtd.in Vanhoozer 209）Speech act theory, as one of the means in Pragmatics, can deal with particular utterances in literature works because on one hand, literature works offer resourceful raw materials for linguistic study; one the other hand, the use of linguistic theory in the literature gives us a better understanding of the works. With the development of pragmatics especially the speech act theory, its combination with literature creates a new era. Marry Louise Pratt, in her book Toward a Speech Act Theory of Literary Discourse demonstrates that “There is no valid reason to assume that language stops being itself when it enters a literary work...it is both possible and necessary to develop a unified theory of discourse which allows us to talk about literature in the same terms we use to talk about all the other things people do with language ” （朱小舟, qtd.in Patt 14 ）.Pride and Prejudice, one of the well-known English novels, offers an excellent literature raw material for people to analyze Speech Act Theory which has been studied by many predecessors through the combination of other linguistic theories, such as irony theory and conversational theory. In an essay called THE PRAGMATICAL PENETRATION IN PRIDE AND PREJUDICE——The Reflection of Speech Act Theory and Violations of Cooperative Principle in Pride and Prejudice, the author pays attention to the illocutionary meaning in the novel based on Searle's Speech Act Theory and Grice's Cooperative Principle to analyze its characters' conversations and behaviors to show the novel's artistic charm. Moreover the author also focuses on how these theories are used in the novel to reflect the personality and theme. （吕,113）According to the former studies, this paper will take Jane Austin's masterpiece Pride and Prejudice as the target text in which the story's overall meaning resides to a large extent in the particular speech acts。