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1、2010高考二轮复习专题六 动词时态和语态【考纲展现】对于动词时态和语态考纲要求要重点掌握如下几点：1、通过上下文或所设定的语境，正确判断和运用各种时态2、在书面表达中能根据动作发生的时间关系，正确使用动词时态3、根据主语与谓语的逻辑关系，正确判断和运用主动语态和被动语态【真题评析】（以高考题为例）1.-Why does the Lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water _. （09福建）A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been
2、 polluted【答案】D 考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。2. According to the literary review, Shakespeare _ his charities live through their language in his plays. （09福建）A. will make B. had made C. was making D
3、. makes【答案】D 动词时态。题干是陈述一个客观真理，用一般现在时，选D。3Would you please keep silent? The weather report and _I want to listen. （09湖南）A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast【答案】B 时态和语态。句意为：请保持安静行吗? 我想听正在广播的天气报告。说话间正在发生的动作，应用进行时同时表示被动含义。故选B。4. The food here is nice enough. M
4、y friend _ me a right place. （09湖南）A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing【答案】B 时态的用法。句意为：这里的食物不错。我的朋友介绍给我一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。5. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. （09江西）A. is B. are C. will be D. were【答案】A
5、考查时态的用法。根据at present =now 可知，应用一般现在时。6. - What is the price of petrol these days-Oh, it _ sharply since last month. （09江西）A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased【答案】B 考查时态的用法。 根据since last month 可知应用现在完成时。7. -Do you want a lift home?-Its very kind of you, but I have a much late in th
6、e office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _.（09江西）A. doesnt go off B. wont gone C. wasnt going off D. didnt go on【答案】D 考查时态的用法。根据I overslept this morning 可知应用一般过去时。【专题预测】时态和语态永远是高考英语的重点，平均每年三个题目，分值都占单项选择题的一半左右。2010年高考要求考生注意：1一般现在时的用法2一般过去时的用法3一般将来时的用法4现在进行时的用法5过去进行时的用法6现在完成时的用法7过去完
7、成时的用法8过去将来时的用法9主动和被动语态的用法；尤其要注意主动形式表被动意义的情况。10. 动词的时态和语态经常综合考查，这种情况下使用动词既要注意时态同时也要考虑语态。另外，从近几年高考语法所考试题来看，高考命题中语法呈现出以下特点：淡化语法，注重交际语境化与生活化，不再单独地去考察某一个语法，而是把考点放到一个生活化的语言环境中，突出语用能力。【知识梳理】 动词时态和语态英语的动词不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态，要用不同的形式来表示，这种不同的形式叫做动词的时态。英语常用的时态有八种，分别是：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来
8、时。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。【注意
9、】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the ball in the glass.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I turn on the
10、 machine and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后一句用现在进行时。二、一般过去时的用法1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。Where did you go just now?2表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went du
11、ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3句型：【注意区分】It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了It is time (that) sb. did sth. 时间已迟了；早该了e.g.It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事(注意此处would rather 后接的是从句)Id rather you came tomo
12、rrow.4wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was a good English learner. (含义：她以前是个好的英语学习者)Christine has been a good English learner.(含义：她现在是个好的英语学习者)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州
13、。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。（1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.（2）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?三、一般将来时1shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人
14、称。Which paragraph shall I read first?Will you be at home at seven this evening?2be going to +v.，表示将来。（1）主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?（2）计划、安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.（3）有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3be +to+v.表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的
15、事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4be about to +v.，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：（1）be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week，几点钟等表示明确的时间状语连用。例：Tim is about to visit his mother-in-law tomorrow. 该句就是错误的。但我们可以这么讲：Tim is about to visit his mother-in-law when his wife comes back.（2）be goi
