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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题If we （ ）our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合
2、题意。2. 单选题It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”，the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical system is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these
3、in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity of sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable.We are able to sample ear
4、ths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge
5、 in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the ve
6、ry imperfect samples of personal experience. In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” of our image of various parts of the
7、 total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order for hardness and as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secu
8、re of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we learnt things as they were long age, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close n
9、eighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and insecure.1.The word “paradox” (Line 1, Para. 1) means “ （ ）”2.According to the author, we
10、 should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because（ ）.3.The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because（ ）4.The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes a
11、re the biggestbecause（ ） .5.We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social systembecause（ ） .问题1选项A.implicationB.contradictionC.interpretationD.confusion问题2选项A.a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences.B.our knowledge of physical systems
12、is more reliable than that of social systems.C.our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct.D.we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena.问题3选项A.it is not based on personal experience.B.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences.C.i
13、t is based on a fairly representative quantity of data.D.the records of social systems are more reliable.问题4选项A.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time.B.new information is constantly coming in.C.the direction of their development is difficult to predict.D.our knowledge of the physical wor
14、ld is inaccurate.问题5选项A.theories of its origin and history are varied.B.our knowledge of it is highly insecure.C.only a very small sample of it has been observed.D.few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.paradox “矛盾，悖论”。implication “含义”；contradiction “
15、矛盾，否认”；interpretation “解释”；confusion “混淆”。选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句话we are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated 提到我们能够在调查地球的社会体系时自信地认为我们有整个领域作为合理的样本供研究；该段倒数第二句话our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。从这两句话可知，研究社会知识的样本比研究天文知识的样本要大并且实际，所以我们能更好地去研究社会现象，选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段第二句our knowledge of
