《非谓语动词易混淆点及练习》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词易混淆点及练习（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、动名词的句法功能1. 用作主语Getting up early is a good habit.早起是个好习惯。Finding work is difficult these days.现今找工作可不容易。由于直接将动名词置于句首作主语有时会显得头重脚轻”，此是可用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句末。如：It s nice seeing her agai再次见到她很好。It s no use saying any more about 再谈这事没有用。这两句句首的it就是形式主语，真正的主语是后而把动名词seeing her again和saying any more about
2、it。2. 用作表语Seei ng is believi ng.眼见为实。Her hobby is grow ing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。The real problem is gett ing to know the n eeds of the customers.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。动名词和不定式均可用作主语和表语，两者的区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多表示具体的、一次性的动作。3. 用作宾语I don t mind being poor.我对贫困不在乎。They kept talking about it.他们一直在谈论此事。He suggeste
3、d moving to the country. 他建议搬至U乡下去。动名词除用作动词的宾语外，还可用作介词的宾语。如：She was afraid of waki ng her husba nd.她怕吵醒她丈夫。4. 用作宾语补足语Can we call this servi ng ma nki nd?这能叫为人类服务吗？I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul .我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。5. 用作定语We need a new working method.我们需要一种新的工作方法。The doctor told me not to take sleepi
4、ng pills.医生叫我不要服安眠药。动名词作定语与不定式和现在分词不同，动名词作定语通常不以短语的形式出现，而且总是位于被修饰名词之前（在许多情况下构成合成名词），用以表示被修饰名词的用途、目的和场合。如：reading room阅览室（表示这个房间是供人们阅读的）operating table手术台（表示这个台子是用于做手术的）swimming pool游泳池（表示这个池子是供人们游泳的）washing machine洗衣机（表示这个机器是用来洗衣的）动名词用作定语时，其前有时可以有形容词，但此形容词不是修饰动名词，而是修饰 动名词+名词”结构，如：a big wait ing room
5、 一大问候车室其中的形容词 big不修饰动名词 waiting,而是修饰 waiting room非谓语动词being done结构与done结构的区别being done如果构成谓语只有一种可能，就是与动词be 一起构成被动语态的进行时态。如：Your steak is being grilled and will be ready in a minute.您的牛排正在烤着，马上就好。Unfortun ately, my car broke dow n and I was stuck there while it was being repaired.不幸的是，我的车坏了， 在修车的时候，我
6、就被困在那里。但是，作为非谓语动词的being done ,其用法则比较复杂，也比较容易用错，本文帮同学们归纳如下。1. 用作定语当非谓语动词being done用作定语时，只能置于被修饰名词之后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。如：Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗？（语境中）We are going to reduce the nu mber of trees being cut dow n.我们要减少砍伐的树的数量。注意：being done, to be done 与done均可用作后置
7、定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done表示将要发生的被动动作；而 done表示已经发生的被动动作。比较：(1) The playlast month aimed mai nly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be produced D. havi ng bee n produced(2) The playnow aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to
8、 be produced D. havi ng bee n produced(3) The playnext month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009 安徽卷)A. producedB. being producedC. to be produced D. havi ng bee n produced根据每句空格后的时间状语last mo nth, now, next mo nth可知，第(1)题的答案应选 A,第(2)题的答案应选 B,第题的答案应选Co这道山东卷考题也就变得很容易了：We are in vited to a
9、partyin our club n ext Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. bei ng heldD. hold ing2. 用作主语being done可以用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。如：Bei ng sent to prison was the final degradatio n.堕落到最后的地步就是被关进监狱。Being recog ni zed wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.出名所付出的代价是不管你走至 U哪里，都会被人认出来。3. 用作宾语being done不仅可以
10、用于动词后作宾语，而且可以用作介词后作宾语，也是表示一个被动的动作。如：He tried to escape being puni shed.他设法逃避惩罚。(escape/avoide/enjoy doing)He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized.他染了胡子，以免我们认出他。Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔让人宠一宠。You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being show n into the cou
11、rt proper.进入皇宫时先要在入口大厅等候，由人带领进入正殿。Before/after介词After On being in formed the flight would be delayed, we made other arran geme nts.在我们得知飞机要推迟起飞后，我们另作了安排。请看下面一道考题：(remember to do 与 remember doing 区另U)I still remember to the Temple and what I saw there.A. to takeB. to be take nC. tak ingD. being take
12、n从句意上看，“我”与“带去法门寺”之间为被动关系，即“我是被带去法门寺”，所以首先应排除表示主动意义的A和C;再从语法上看，remember后接不定式或动名词均可，但有区别：接不定式表示记住去做未做 的事，接动名词表示记住已经做过或发生过的事，根据句意和句子中saw用的是一般过去时可知，应用动名词，即答案为Do4. 用作宾语补足语being done 主要用在某些动词(女口see, hear, watch, feel, find, discover, imagine, keep, like, notice 等)后作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。如：I saw him being t
13、aken away by the police. 我看至U他正被警察带走。It s interesting for children to see a house being built孩子们看造房子是挺有趣的事。I woke up to hear the bedroom door be ing ope ned slowly. 我醒过来，听见卧室的门慢慢地被推开。有时也用于介词 with, without的宾语后作宾语补足语。如：They debated for hours without a decisi on bei ng take n. 他们争论了好几个小时，也没作出决定。5. 用作状语
14、being done用作状语是一个比较重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有时也表示其他关系（如时间等）。如：Being unemployed, he hasn t got much n由于他没有工作，他没有多少钱。Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly.由于受到很好的照顾，她的身体恢复得很快。 Being given a chanee, she immediately jumped at it.当给她这个机会的时候，她立刻就抓住了。注：有时being可带有自己的逻辑主语（构成独立主格结构）。如：The question bei ng se
15、ttled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。考查have sth done的一道语法难题有这样一道题：Mrs Brown was much disappo in ted to see the wash ing mach ine she had hadwent wrong aga in.A. itB. it repaired C. repairedD. to be repaired这是一道上海高考英语题，答案选C,许多考生因不能正确分析句子结构，不知如何下笔。现分析如下：句中 to see 后的基本结构是：the washi ng machi ne we nt wrong agai n.（洗衣机又出毛病了 ），其中（that） she had had repaired套用的句型是 “have名词或代词 +过去分词”，即have the washing machine repaired ;另外，从时间 上看，请人修洗衣机应在 出故障之前，故have the washing machine repaired用了过去完成时态，即用hadhad the washing machine repaired ;从修饰角度看，题目中she h
