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1、2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.The Employee Free Choice Act would a
2、llow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The
3、National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business, the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization it
4、s about protecting rights, said the National Association of Manufacturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion （强迫， 胁迫）from unions.Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes fro
5、m employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers arent,” Samuel said. He cites the 31, 358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the s
6、ecret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “ On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,” said Richard Shaw of the Harris County
7、 Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions （条款，规定）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration （仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement w
8、orked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional. ” “I dont see how it will benefit employees if theyre locked into a contract,” said Straczewski.The bills proponents point to the trend of recognized unions una
9、ble to get contracts from unwilling employers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies tha
10、t illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As it stands, the law on the books hasnt changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.1.Which of the follo
11、wing statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?2.According to its opponents, the bill（ ）.3.The word it （Line 5, Para. 5） refers to（ ）.4.People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT（ ）.5.the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or t
12、hreaten employees问题1选项A.House bill aims to spur labor union growth.B.House bill aims to counter labor union growth.C.Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment.D.Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees income.问题2选项A.will protect employees rightsB.will benefit workers by binding contra
13、ctsC.will empower unions too muchD.makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions问题3选项A.the changeB.the legislationC.the AFL-CIOD.the difference问题4选项A.the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industriesB.the bill will allow a union to be recognized earl
14、ier and have a great effect on the local levelC.binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract cant be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD.the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees问题5选项A.fewer p
15、rivate industries joined unions in the pastB.workers coercion often comes from unionsC.the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD.punishment authorized by the bill will be lighter【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文首段表明众议院将出台新立法， seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers,是为了维护工会的权利，激发工会的发展。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是Jason Straczewski。后面他说道wouldopenupemployeestocoercion(强迫：胁迫）fromunions, 与选项D 对应。3.语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中Richard Shaw，it指代前句中的legislation。4.细节判断题。题干说下列哪项不是人们支持该法案的原因，文章首段could reve
