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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. “We are largely the playthings of our fears,” wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. “To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public
2、 ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of lonelinessfor all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.”Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more
3、 light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline （ 肾上激素）are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight （逃离）. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only
4、when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-
5、producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences a
6、nd relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own
7、ability to solve problem.Phils dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because “the car might break down.” Growing up in such a home? Phil naturally le
8、arned to become fearful and tense.1.In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, our particular creature refers to（ ）.2.Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can（ ）.3.Fear becomes a problem only when（ ）.4.Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that（ ）.5.Psychologists h
9、ave found that our later fears are determined largely by our（ ）.问题1选项A.fear of somethingB.a fierce beastC.physical painD.public ridicule问题2选项A.stimulate many physical changes within our bodyB.quicken our heartbeat and responsesC.pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD.help us respo
10、nd quickly to danger and protect ourselves问题3选项A.the danger is thought greater than it really isB.the danger is more psychological than physicalC.one cannot stand the dangerD.one is not well prepared for it问题4选项A.some people are inherently more easily affected by dangerB.peoples response to stimuli
11、is not an inherited featureC.some people seem to be very sensitive to noiseD.people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise问题5选项A.home educationB.school educationC.parents lifestyleD.early experiences【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到
12、害怕。选项A正确，选项B,C,D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。3.根据第二段的最后一句“It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第一句“S
13、ome people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. ”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologists know that
14、our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. ”可知选项D正确。2. 单选题According to a prominent philosopher intolerance is a/an（ ）to understanding.问题1选项A.barrierB.improvementC.foundationD.approach【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。barrier障碍，界限；improvement改进，改善；foundation基础，创立；approach方法，途
15、径。句意：据一位著名的哲学家说，不宽容是理解的障碍。根据句意可推测选项A符合语境。3. 单选题Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consisted solely of massive, number-crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applications were in compiling statistical indexes of works of literature.Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, which dates back to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scholars scrutinize
