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1、考研考博-考博英语-江西师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 翻译题Directing the union are technological advances that have made it easier to store and rapidly transmit information into homes and offices. Fiber-optic cable, for examplemade up of hair-thin glass fibersis a tremendously efficient carrier of information. Lasers shooting l
2、ight through glass fiber can transmit 250,000 times as much data as a standard telephone wire, or tens of thousands of paragraphs such as this one every second.The greatly increased volume and speed of data transmission that these technologies permit can be compared to the way in which a highway wit
3、h many lanes allows more cars to move at faster speeds than a two-lane highwayhence, the information superhighway.【答案】【参考译文】引导联合的是技术进步，技术的进步使信息更容易存储和迅速传输到家庭和办公室。例如，由细如发丝的玻璃纤维制成的光纤是一种非常高效的信息载体。通过玻璃纤维发的激光可以传输标准电话线25万倍的数据，或者每秒传输数万段这样的段落。这些技术极大地增加了数据传输的量和速度，可以与多车道高速公路比双车道高速公路允许更多的汽车以更快的速度移动的方式相比较因此，信息高速
4、公路由此得名。2. 单选题The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, org
5、anisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebratesor creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many di
6、fferent types of worms) make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substanc
7、es known as antibiotics into their environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other grou
8、ps of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary consider
9、ably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of “foreign” cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column) , there is evidence that transplants of ce
10、lls or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.The ability to distinguish between “self” and “non-self”, while present in all animals, is roost efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as
11、their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.31. What does the passage mainly discuss?32. The word “intricate” in line 1 is closest in meaning to _.33. According to the passage, some organis
12、ms produce antibiotics in order to _.34. According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible organisms will result in the transplanted tissue _.35. According to the passage, the ability to distinguish between “self” and “non-self” enables vertebrates to _.问题1选项A.How par
13、asites reproduce.B.How organisms react to invaders.C.How antibiotics work to cure disease.D.How the immune system of vertebrates developed.问题2选项A.difficultB.widespreadC.criticalD.complex问题3选项A.prevent disease in humansB.aid digestionC.fight off other organismsD.create new types of nutrients问题4选项A.be
14、coming a parasiteB.being treated as an invaderC.altering its genetic makeupD.developing a new immune system问题5选项A.accept transplanted cellsB.detect and react to invasionC.weaken their immune systemD.get rid of antibiotics【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】31.【选项释义】31. What does the passage mainly disc
15、uss? 31. 这篇文章主要讨论什么？A. How parasites reproduce. A. 寄生虫如何繁殖。B. How organisms react to invaders. B. 生物体如何对入侵者做出反应。C. How antibiotics work to cure disease. C. 抗生素是如何治疗疾病的。D. How the immune system of vertebrates developed. D. 脊椎动物的免疫系统是如何发展的。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先，根据首段最后一句“生物进化出了各种各样的防御机制来保护自己的身体免受其他生物的入侵”，和末段第一句“区分自我和非自我的能力，虽然存在于所有动物中，但在脊椎动物中是非常有效的，它们已经发展出一种免疫系统作为它们的防御机制”；从中可知文章首段和尾段讨论的都是生物体的防御机制；然后看到文章行为结构是总分结构，开头介绍引发生物进化出防御机制的原因，后面三段分别讨论这种防御机制的作用。综上所述，可以得知这篇文章主要讨论的是生物体如何对入侵者做出反应。所以B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“寄生虫如何繁殖”和D选项“脊椎动物的免疫系统是如何发展的”属于以偏概全；C选项“抗生素是如何治疗疾病的”没提及，无中生有。32.
