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1、语法复习十九：冠 词（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。（二）命题导向冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。（三）基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。1、定冠词的基本用法： 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bou
2、ght a book. The book is very useful. 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right. 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest. 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, t
3、he United Nation. 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake. 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.发明物。如：The compass was invented in China. 年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on t
4、he other hand , at the same time2、不定冠词的基本用法： 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。） 表示同样的。如：They are
5、 of an age.（他们是同岁。） 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译帮手） 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word 3、不用冠词的情况： 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。） 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. 名词前有
6、指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother? 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch? 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on C
7、hristmas Day. 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。练习（一）、冠 词1. In America, _ car is _
8、popular means of transportation（交通设施）.A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a2. - What happened?- They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD
9、. a, a4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The5. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a6. Lesson 10 is _ most difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult lesson in Book One.A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. th
10、e, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once _ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every8. He was absent because he had caught _.A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold9. _ water is _ liquid.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, /D. /, a10. In winter _ people often hang up wet clothes near _ f
11、ire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other12. He was a top student in the class, he often got _ in English.A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second13. _ horse is _ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, anD.
12、/, a14. Tom left Shanghai in _.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 199515. _ children here live _ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the16. The soldier died during _ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a17. In _ Marx began to learn Russian.A. a 1870B.
13、 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s18. Alice is _ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller19. - Can your sister play _?- No, but she can play _.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano20. The introduction is always in _ of a book.A. fro
14、ntB. the frontC. a front D. instead21. She touched her daughter gently _ shoulder.A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the22. Both _ wounded and _ sick were sent to safety.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /23. _ doctors and _ nurses should care for their patients.A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the24. Tell us the story as _ Mother told you. A. aB. theC. anD. /25. Do you know how long _ has lived on the earth?A. manB. the manC. a manD. men26. The man was once thrown into _ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./27. _ Mount
