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1、动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语、动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.=keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjobHishobbyispainting.=Paintingishisjob.1. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词)，作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,b
2、oring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising,puzzling,exciting等(这类分词表不令人.的”含义)。如：Theproblemisquitepuzzling.Thenewssoundsencouraging.二、动词-ing形式作定语1?单个的动词dig形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。%1说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod=ametho
3、dforworking工作方法readingmaterial阅读材料Nooneisallowedtospeakloudinthereadingroom.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.%1表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。(注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么)developingcountries=countriesthataredevelopin发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordin
4、ary看起来彳艮普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebod困扰人的问题sleepingchild熟睡的孩子walkingstick手杖livingroom起居室runningwater自来水作定语的动词？ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面，做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.(=whichisfacingsouth)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasket?(二Whoisplayingbasket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The
5、manvisitingJapan(二themanwhoisvisitingJapan)ismyuncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenhard.在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。Themantalkingto(=themanwhoistalkingto)theteacherisourmonitorsfather正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲三、动词-ing形式作宾补1、动词？ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。Whenwereturned,wefoundastra
6、ngerstandinginfrontofthehouse.2、当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词？ing形式便转换为主语补足语。Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmisfoundveryexciting.3、能門？ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词,（常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,catch,listento等）+sb_+doingsth（作宾补）Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.Icaughtastrangers
7、lidingintothemanagerAoffice.2）表示指使意义的动词使役动词,（常见的有have,set,keep,get,leav等）+sb/sth+doingsth（作宾补Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。IwonthaveyourunningaboutintheToom我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。Thissetsmethinking.Youshouldntkeepyourlightsburningintheday.4、see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式（省to）作宾语补足语的区别：Weh
8、eardthetelephonering.Weheardthetelephoneringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。四、动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等，相当于相对应的状语从句。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词？ing前加一个表时间的连词，如when,while等Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination我们已
9、经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations.）Hearingthenews,theyjumpedwithgreatjoy.Havingfinishedhishomework,Henrywenthome.(=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework/Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,Hernywenthome.2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（二Sineehewasill.）Beingpoor
10、,hecouldntaffordaTVset.(=Ashewaspoor,hecouldntaffordaTVset.)Notknowinghisphonenumber,wecouldntgetintouchwithhim.(=Becausewedidntknowhisphonenumber,wecouldntgetintouchwithhim.)3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=andlefthimalotofmoney.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries
11、,makingisthemostpopularsportintheworld.(=Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries;asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.)4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。Usingyourhead,youllfindagoodway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youllfindagoodway.)
12、Drivingtoofast,youlldamagethecar.(=Ifyoudrivetoofast,youlldamagethecar)5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Althoughtoilingalltheyearround(=Althoughhewastoilingalltheyearround),thepoorpeasantcouldntaffordtosendhischildrentoschoo这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。Weighingalmostonehundredjin(=Thoughitweighedalmostonehundredjin),t
13、heboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=.andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。Thesixblindmenstoodalldaylongbytheroadside,beggingformoney(=theywerebeggingformoney).这六个盲人整天站在路边乞讨。Hewentout,slammingthedoor(=heslammedthedoor)他走出去，砰地
14、一声把门带上。、同义句转换(用动词-ing形式)Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,soitcausedthedelay.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thedelay.1. Johnwatchedcuriouslyandthoughtthatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.Johnwatchedcuriously,thatthewomanseemedalittlecrazy.2. WhileIwaswaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithhim.forthetrain,Ihadalon
15、gtalkwithhim.3. BecauseIwasill,Istayedathome.,Istayedathome.5.Ifyouturnrightatthesecondcrossing,youwillfindthepostoffice.rightatthesecondcrossing,youwillfindthepostoffice.6.Becauseshehadbeenbeatenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.byasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.二、选择填空ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong,Ihavenev
16、erheardyouit.A. beingsung;sangB.sang;singingC.sung;singD.tobesung;tosingItwassocoldthattheykeptthefireallnight.A.tobumB.bumC.burningD.burnedHelookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapasseng匸A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting一Didyoumeetanyone_attheparty?一No,infact,Ifoundthepartyrather.A.interesting;borin
