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1、英语词汇学教程（2004年版）练习答案【Chapter 1】7tart: loose womanbloke: fellowgat: pistolswell: greatchicken: cowardblue: fightsmoky: policefull: drunkdame: womanbeaver: girl8.haply = perhapsalbeit = althoughmethinks = it seems to meeke = alsosooth = truthmorn = morningtroth = pledgeere = beforequoth = saidhallowed
2、= holybillow = wave/ the seabade = bid12. DenizensAliensTranslation loansSemantic loanskettlediewallskirthusbandconfrerepro patriaWunderkindmikadoparvenuchopsticktyphoonblack humourlong time no seedream【Chapter 2】EThe Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in th
3、e world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words bett
4、er and use them more appropriately. 2.Indo-European Language FamilyBalto-SlavicIndo-IranianCeltic Italian Hellenic GermanicRoumanian HindiBreton Spanish Greek EnglishLithuanian PersianScottishFrench SwedishPrussianIrishItalian GermanPolishPortuguese NorweigianSlavenian IcelandicRussian DanishBulgari
5、an Dutch6.When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of natures God entitle them, a decent respe
6、ct to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary
7、. 8.eventful Latin + Englishhydroplane Greek + Latinfalsehood Latin + Englishpacifist Latin + Greeksaxophone German + Greekheirloom French + Englishjoss house Portuguese + English television Greek + Latin9.amateur (late)finac (late)empire (early)peace (E)courage (E)garage (L)judgement (E)chair (E)ch
8、aise (L)grace (E)servant (E)routine (L)jealous (E)savat (L)genre (L)gender (E)dbut (L)morale (L)state (E)chez (L)ballet (L)11.allegro, f 轻快andante, j 行板diminuendo, g 渐弱largo, d 缓慢pianoforte, a 轻转慢alto, i 女低音crescendo, b 渐强forte, e强piano, h 轻soprano, c 女高音12.cherub (Hebrew) snorkel (G)coolie (Hindi)
9、tulip (Turk)lasso (Sp) wok (Ch)shampoo (Indian)chocolate (Mex)tepee (Am Ind) jubilee (Gr)kibitz (G) Sabbath (Heb)chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex)cotton (Arab) voodoo (Afr)loot (Hindi) sauerbraten (G)13. a. alligatorb. lococ. rodeod. bonanzae. igloof. blitzkriegg. wigwamh. canoei. hurricanej. boomerang
10、k. panchos【Chapter 3】1.a. morphemeb. allomorphc. bound morphemed. free morphemee. affixf. informational affixg. derivational affixh. rooti. stemj. base3. individualisticindividualist + ic stem, baseindividual + ist stem, baseindividu + al stem, basein + dividu root, stem, baseundesirablesun + desira
11、ble stem, basedesir + able root, stem, basefree morpheme = free rootmorpheme bound rootbound morphemeinflectional affix affix prefixderivational affix suffix【Chapter 4】Affixation5.non-smokerincapableimpracticaldisobeyinsecurityirrelevantimmatureinability/disabilityunofficiallyunwillingnessillegaldis
12、agreementillogicaldisloyalinconvenientnon-athletic6.hardenhorrifymodernizememorizefalsifyapologizedeepenglorifysterilizelengthenintensifybeautifyfattensympathizea.apologizedb.beautifyc.lengtheningd.sympathizede.fattenf.falsifyg.memorizingh.Sterilize7.a.employeeb.politicianc.participantd.waitresse.co
13、nductorf.teacherg.pianisth.examinee/examiner8.trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-worldmono- = one: monorail, monoculturesuper- = over, above: superstructure, supernaturalauto- = self: autobiography, automobilesub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutritionmini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwarpre- = before: prehistorical, preelectionex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer Compoundingheartbeat S + Vbrainwashing V + O
