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1、英国文学资料1. The period of Old English Literature extends from about the year of 450 to the year of 1066.2. the significant event which the commencement of medieval period in English literature is Norman Conquest in the year of 1066,and the medieval literature in Britain covers about four centuries.3. R
2、omanceis the most popular literature form in the medieval period.4.Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical poemsof shorter length, which do not contain specific Christian doctrines but evoke the Anglo Saxon sense of the harshness of circumstan
3、ce and the sadness of the human lot.5. Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. adm
4、ired as the father of English Poetry.、 The Renaissance Period (14th-mid-17th century)1. The cradle of the Renaissance is Italy, and the essential characteristics of it are rising of Humanism and the Reformation of Christianity.2. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the Engish Renaissane,
5、 and its most important representative is Shakespeare.1. Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞the poets poet the Faerie Queene: Arthur and Gloriana, the FaityQueen ;allegorical poem; the theme is Fierce wares and faithfull lovesthe Shepherds CalenderEpithalanmion2. Christopher Marlowe 克里斯多夫.马洛drama:Tamburlaine, Dr
6、. Faustus, The Jew of Maltanon-dramatic poetry: Hero and Leander, the Passionate Shepherd to His Loveachievements:he perfected the blank verse, his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.3. William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚1. he is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets of the world
7、has ever known.history plays: Henry Vi, Richard II, King John, Henry IV, comedies:the Comedy of Errors, the tow gentlemen of verona, the taming of the shrew, loves labours lost, A Midsummer Nights Dream, the merchant of venice, much ado about nothing, as you like it, twelf night, the merry wives of
8、windsor , alls well that ends well, measure for measure.tragedies: Romeo and Juliet , Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra安东尼和克娄巴特拉， Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanustrgicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The winters tale , The telpestgreatest tragedieys are : Hamlet,
9、Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth麦克白.2. Why is Hamlet so impressive in Shakespeares Hamlet?The hero Hamlet in Shakespeares play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anythings . He came to know that his father was muder
10、ed by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle. Thins made hime deep in trouble. When he planned to kill his uncle, he was afraid to hurt his mother . And also ,when everything was ready for him to kill
11、his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he lost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.3. sonnet 18, a nice summers day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. thus Shakespeare has faith in the permanence of poetry.4.
12、 Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根1. Bacons achievements mainly lie in the fields of Philosophy, science and essay writing.2. The master piece of Bacon which opened a new genre in English literature is Essays, and his most important philosophical works include The Advancement of Learing and Novum Organum.3. The
13、 sentences studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability, and some books are to be tased, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;.are quoted Of Studies5. John Donne约翰.邓恩玄学派诗人Metaphysical poetryit is a term commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers
14、who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the neoclassic periods and echoes the
15、words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poets beloved, with God, or with himeself. (conceit)Donnes masterpiece are The Songs and Sonnets which contains most of his early lyrics with the theme of love and The
16、Holy Sonnets which focused on religion.邓恩在塑造女性形象时，几乎不去描述她外在的美艳他的诗文中很难见到玫瑰 红色的香腮与皓齿樱唇之类的词眼邓恩真正的兴趣在于细腻地刻画恋爱中的感 觉与状态。6. John Milton约翰.弥尔顿1. Miltons three major poetic works are Paradise Lost, Paridise Regained, and Samson Agonistes, amongwhich Paradise Lost is te greatest ,indeed the only universally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf, and Samson Agonistes is the most perfect exam
