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1、外研版英语精品资料（精修版） 语法初识 原句感知自主探究Having lost all my friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it.This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft .The girls stopped talking when the teache
2、r came into the room.Walking along the road, the girls stopped to look in a shop window.Do you remember going to school for the first time?Remember to give me a ring when you get home.1.前三个例句中动词ing 形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前， 其逻辑主语是句子的主语。2例句中stop doing sth. 表示停止正在做的事情；例句中stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做某事。3例句中reme
3、mber doing sth.表示记住做过某事；例句中remember to do sth.表示记着去做某事。语法剖析 语法点一动词ing形式的完成式作状语 1动词ing形式的完成式作状语的基本用法(1)基本形式：having过去分词否定形式：not having过去分词完成式的被动式：having been过去分词(2)成分：动词ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语， 常表示时间、原因等。(3)功能：所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前， 如果该动作与句子的主语之间是主谓关系， 则用主动形式having done；如果是动宾关系， 则用被动形式having been done。Having lived
4、 in the city for three years, she knows it well.在这个城市生活了三年， 她对这里已经很熟悉了。Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesnt dare to go to school.由于还没有完成作业， 这个学生不敢去上学。Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow.已经被邀请发表讲话， 我明天将开始做些准备。2动词ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别(1)动词ing形式的一般式， 作状语时与
5、句子主语之间为主动关系， 所表示的动作与句子谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生， 常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.当他看到那些图片时， 就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。Working hard, you will pass the entrance exam.如果你努力学习， 你就会通过入学考试。(2)动词ing形式的完成式， 作状语时与句子主语为主动或被动关系， 所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前， 常表示时间或原因等。Having got our tickets
6、, we drove to the airport to board the plane.买到机票之后， 我们就开车到机场登机。 集中演练111.单句语法填空Having analysed (analyse) the data, the scientists concluded that the disease was caused by the polluted water.Having been warned (warn)of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend following her.Hav
7、ing failed (fail) many times, Edison didnt lose heart and finally he invented the light bulb.Having driven (drive)all the way, we felt rather tired and decided to find a hotel to have a rest.The road is under construction, causing (cause)the delay.12.句型转换After he had finished his homework, the littl
8、e boy began to play Internet games.Having finished his homework, the little boy began to play Internet games.When he was walking along the street, he met his old friend.Walking along the street, he met his old friend.Because he had lived in the city for years, he started getting to know it.Having li
9、ved in the city for years, he started getting to know it.Because he hadnt finished the task, he has to stay there for another week.Not having finished the task, he has to stay there for another week. 语法点二动词ing形式与不定式作宾语 1可用动名词作宾语的动词(短语)(1)常见的能用动名词作宾语的动词有：advise, admit, allow, avoid, consider, miss, k
10、eep, practice, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, suggest, mind, permit等。I couldnt risk missing that train.我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。She suggested selling your house to pay the debt.她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。(2)常见的能用动名词作宾语的动词短语有：look forward to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can
11、t stand, feel like, insist on, apologize for, be busy in, have difficulty (in), spend time (in)等。He insists on seeing you alone.他坚持要单独见你。(3)advise, allow, forbid, permit等动词后可直接跟动名词作宾语， 也可跟不定式作宾补。We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在此吸烟。We dont allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生在此吸烟。2可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)(
12、1)能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree, choose, decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, refuse, manage, wish, pretend, offer, promise, plan等。After much discussion they decided to accept our offer.经过反复讨论， 他们决定接受我们开的价。I only just managed to finish on time.我刚好设法按时完成。(2)能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有：show, understand, tell, e
13、xplain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder, find out等。He didnt know how to deal with the accident.他不知道怎么处理这起事故。名师点津 此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致， 否则得用宾语从句。3可用动词不定式和动名词作宾语的动词(短语)(1)下列动词(短语)后可跟不定式或动名词， 但在意义上却有着明显的差别。remember to do sth. 记得去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
14、forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)go on to do sth. 做完一件事接着去做 (另一件事)go on doing sth. (中间停顿后)继续做 (同一件事)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事regret to do sth. 抱歉、遗憾地做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事mean to do sth. 意欲、打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事try to do sth. 设法、企图、尽量做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help
15、 doing sth. 禁不住做某事cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事Remember to post the letter for me.记住替我寄这封信。I remember posting the letter on my way home.我记得在回家的路上把信寄出了。(2)有些动词(like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend等)既可跟不定式又可跟动名词， 不定式表示特定的未来事件， 动名词表示抽象的概念， 但在许多情况下可以互换。I intend studying/to study abroad.我打算出国留学。(3)动词want, need, r
