下部结构 substructure桥墩 pier 墩身 pier body墩帽 pier cap, pier coping台帽 abutment cap, abutment coping 盖梁 bent cap 又称“帽梁”重力式[桥]墩 gravity pier实体[桥]墩 solid pier空心[桥]墩 hollow pier柱式[桥]墩 column pier, shaft pier单柱式[桥]墩 single-columned pier, single shaft pier双柱式[桥]墩 two-columned pier, two shaft pier排架桩墩 pile-bent pier丫形[桥]墩 Y-shaped pier柔性墩 flexible pier制动墩 braking pier, abutment pier单向推力墩 single direction thrusted pier抗撞墩 anti-collision pier锚墩 anchor pier辅助墩 auxiliary pier破冰体 ice apron防震挡块 anti-knock block, restrain block桥台 abutment台身 abutment body前墙 front wall 又称“胸墙”。
翼墙 wing wall 又称“耳墙”U形桥台 U-abutment八字形桥台 flare wing-walled abutment一字形桥台 head wall abutmentT形桥台 T-abutment箱形桥台 box type abutment拱形桥台 arched abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment扶壁式桥台 counterfort abutment, buttressed abutment衡重式桥台 weight-balanced abutment锚碇板式桥台 anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台 supported type abutment 又称“轻型桥台”组合式桥台 composite abutment[桥]台后回填 back filling behind abutment桥梁基础 bridge foundation浅基础 shallow foundation深基础 deep foundation明挖基础 open cut foundation扩大基础 spread foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation沉井刃脚 caisson cutting edge气压沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 colonnade foundation双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础 double-walled steel cofferdam and bored pile foundation墩式基础 pier-foundation桩基础 pile foundation排架桩基础 pile-bent foundation高承台桩基础 high-rise platform pile foundation桩 pile单桩 individual pile, single pile群桩 pile group 又称“桩群”。
斜桩 battered pile, raked pile锚桩 anchor pile主桩 key pile预制桩 precast pile[钢筋]混凝土桩 concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pile木桩 timber pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile混凝土管桩 concrete pipe pile钻孔桩 bored pile就地灌注桩 cast-in-situ pile沉管灌注桩 tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile板桩 sheet pile微型桩 mini-pile 又称“小型桩”扩底桩 under-reamed pile支挡桩 soldier pile抗滑桩 anti-slide pile排土桩 displacement pile非排土桩 non-displacement pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile嵌岩桩 socketed pile挖孔桩 cast-in-situ pile by excavation打入桩 driven pile承台 bearing platform, pile cap灌浆截水墙 grouted cut-off wall灌浆帷幕 grouted curtain地下连续墙 continuous slurry wall, diaphragm wall支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座 expansion bearing, movable bearing合成橡胶支座 elastomeric pad bearing板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氟乙烯支座 polytetrafluoroethylene bearing, PTFE bearing铅橡胶支座 lead-rubber bearing滚轴支座 roller bearing摆式支座 rocker bearing平板支座 plate bearing球形支座 spherical bearing垫块支座 pad bearing活动伸缩缝支座 sliding expansion bearing伸缩滚轴 expansion roller拉压支座 tension-compression bearing铰式支座 knuckle bearing桥梁设计 bridge design桥梁方案设计 bridge conceptual design桥梁结构设计 bridge structure design桥梁细部设计 bridge detail design荷载 load实用荷载 service load施工荷载 construction load开裂荷载 cracking load疲劳荷载 fatigue load容许荷载 allowable load破坏荷载 failure load桥梁试运行荷载 test run loading for bridge静载 static load动载 dynamic load活载 live load恒载 dead load永久荷载 permanent load可变荷载 variable load偶然荷载 accidental load非常荷载 abnormal load环境荷载 environmental load均布荷载 uniform load,distributed load等代均布荷载 equivalent uniform distributed load集中荷载 concentrated load车道荷载 lane load人群荷载 pedestrian load风荷载 wind load地震荷载 earthquake load,seismic force 又称“地震力”。
离心力 centrifugal force冲击力 impact force制动力 braking force船舶撞击力 ship collision force土压力 earth pressure冰压力 ice pressure流水压力 flowing water pressure浮力 buoyancy下拉荷载 downdrag, negative friction of pile 又称“桩负摩擦力”拱推力 arch thrust基础隆胀力 heave force of foundation临界压曲荷载 critical buckling load屈服破坏荷载 failure load by buckling荷载组合 loading combinations荷载效应 load effect标准车辆荷载 standard truck loading桥梁容许应力设计 allowable stress design of bridge桥梁极限状态设计 limit state design of bridge桥梁承载能力极限状态 ultimate limit state of bridge carrying capacity桥梁使用能力极限状态 serviceability limit state of bridge桥梁荷载系数设计法 load factor design method of bridge桥梁概率极限状态设计法 probabilistic limit state design method of bridge桥梁优化设计 optimum design of bridge桥梁结构可靠度 reliability of bridge structure可靠度基准期 reliability datum period地震危险性分析 seismic risk analysis桥梁抗震设计 aseismatic design of bridge桥梁抗震稳定性 aseismatic stability of bridge地震基本烈度 basic earthquake intensity设计烈度 design intensity of earthquake地震震级 earthquake magnitude地震加速度 seismic acceleration疲劳设计 fatigue design桥头回填设计 bridge end backfilling design桥梁平面结构 plane structure for bridge桥。