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1、On the Causes of Jennies Tragedy in Jennie Gerhardt专业：英语班级：09 姓名： ContentsIntroduction51 Influences Brought about by Social Transformation111. 1 Ethic Transmutation111. 2 Moral Confusion142 Causes of the Tragedy from the Perspective of Freuds Psychoanalysis192.1 The Viewpoint of Psychoanalysis192.2
2、Jennies Psychology213 Causes of the Tragedy from the Perspective of Darwinism253.1 Darwinist Analysis253.2 The Environment of Early 20thCentury314 Causes of the Tragedy from the Perspective of Feminism384.1 Feminist Analysis384.2 Jennies Feminist Thought40Conclusion44Acknowledgement47Bibliography48N
3、o 4 沈阳大学毕业设计（论文） AbstractIn the first half of the twentieth century, the American literature stepped onto a new stage, which is the golden time of the American literature. During these years, a lot of writers who flourished the literary world turned up. And American literature experienced an unprece
4、dented booming period in the history. At that time, Theodore Dreiser played an incomparable role in the literary world. He is not only the most outstanding writer in the twentieth century, but also the pioneer of American modern literature. In the history of American literature, he is the first one
5、to describe the new city life in American without any prejudice, which is the great contribution to American literature. Just because of this, he draws more and more attention of recent readers.Jennie Gerhard is Theodore Dreisers second novel, which brought him first true commercial success. It told
6、 us a story about a poor girls miserable life at the end of 19th century. Since its publication in 1911, it was well received by critics. Many people have made a lot of analysis about the reason of Jennies tragedy. Since the researches of both domestic and abroad pay close attention on society and c
7、lass, while the author of the paper will analyze Jennies tragedy from Spiritual Analysis theory, Social-Darwinism and Feminism under the background of the special social transformation in America. At that time, because of social transition, the rapid economic development and rapid urbanization, ther
8、e were a variety of social problems. In the prevailing social conditions, social ethic changes and moral confusion makes Jennies tragedy a social necessity. According to Freuds psychoanalysis theory, analyze Jennies psychological process. This is the origin of Jennies tragedy. Survival of the fittes
9、t was not only the core and the sole of Darwinism, but also applies to the Social-Darwinism, that is to say, every creature in the world must face all kinds of influences and challenges from inside and outside and those who couldnt adapt must be eliminated. Jennie is in the low status in the capital
10、 society, she couldnt be accepted by the upper class, and her final density must be abounded by the upper class. Take family as the most important thing, Jennie Gerhard has all of the typical traditional womens virtues-she was pure, kind and fable; she has no dependent social status but only has to
11、depend on men. Different from those new women who didnt comply with men and were independent in economy, the fate of Jennie Gerhard must be a tragedy. The thesis is divided into three parts to discuss the cause of Jennies tragedy by mainly applying the two theories above and discuss Dreisers writing
12、 features in Jennie Gerhard. The first part describes the specialty of the social transformation in which Jennie lives-on the way of rapid modernization, the social economy of Jennies time developed rapidly, so as the urbanization, but there are also many social problems such as social moral crisis
13、and ethnical transmutation, while those are important reasons which led to Jennies tragedy. The second part is to explain Jennies tragedy by using the theory of Freuds psychoanalysis. Her psychological process, include desiring for material world, submitting to reality difficulties and imagining lov
14、e and marriage. These internal factors make Jennies tragedy inevitable. The third part is to explain Jennies tragedy by applying the Social -Darwinism. The Social-Darwinisms core is “struggle for existence” and “survival of the fittest”. In The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, natural environmen
15、t play an important part in biological living. In Jennies life, because of her poor family, she struggled for the existence of her family unceasingly, but was hurt again and again. So social environment is one of the factors of Jennies tragedy. The last part will tell Jennies tragedy from the perspective of Feminism. From the novel, one fact can be recognized, thats women and men are unequal at Jennies time, especial for Jennie who was a traditional woman without social status, and different from those new women who required equality with men in every area. Traditional women
