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1、CHAPTER 1I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:T 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.F 2. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.T 3. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a wholeT 4. P
2、honetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.T 5. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.T 6. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and
3、theories to language teaching and learningT 7 Competence and performance refer respectively to a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concreteF 8 Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-
4、mute is not languageT 9. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of languageF 10. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitraryF 11. There is universal agreement about the origin of language.F 12. Pet dogs can speak human languages.F 13. All human infants can speak som
5、e language.F 14. By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets.F 15. With different cultures there will be different languages.T 16. Not all uses of language are meant to convey new information.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice tha
6、t can best complete the statement.1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 2. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Du
7、ality D. Meaningfulness3. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable 4. The function of the sentence “water boil at 100 degrees centigrade”A interrogative B directive C informative D performative5. A historical study of language is a _ study of
8、 language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative 6. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols for human _.A contact B communication C relation D community 7. Languages is _A instinctive B non-instinctive C static D genetically transmitted8. A linguist regards the change in
9、 language and language use as _A unnatural B something to be feared C natural D abnormal 9. Which of the following words is entirely arbitraryA tree B crash C typewriter D bang 10. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is
10、prior to writing B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the aboveCHAPTER 2I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:T 1.Voicin
11、g is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. F 2. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution. F 3.A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. F 4.E
12、nglish is a tone language while Chinese is not. T 5.In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. T 6. In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. F 7.Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of th
13、e stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph. F 8. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest. T 9.Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicin
14、g. F 10.English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest. F 11.According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar. T 12.Vowel s
15、ounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels. F 13.According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels. F 14.Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. F 15.Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning. F 16.Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be class
