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1、wordChapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _ A. contact B. munication C. relation D. munity 2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang 3. The function
2、 of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade. is _. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎 岁岁 平安as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might
3、affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative D. Recreational5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overe the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to ta
4、lk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness 6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? A nice day, isnt it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Inte
5、rpersonal 7. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. petence C. Langue D. Parole 8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldnt be sorro
6、wful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _. A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality 9. _ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguistics B.Anthropological linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. App
7、lied linguistics 10. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Applied linguistics D. parative linguistics II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%) 11. Language is a means of verbal municati
8、on. Therefore, the munication way used by the deaf-mute is not language. 12. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary. 13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human munication systems. 14. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages. 15.
9、We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted. 16. Only human beings are able to municate. 17. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist. 1
10、8. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time is an example of the diachronic study of language. 19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history. 20. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms. III. Fill in the blanks.
11、(10%) 21. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of _ munication. 22. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be bined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _. 23. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk ab
12、out itself. This function is _. 24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory. 25. Linguistics is the _ study of language. 26. Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than
13、lay down some rules for people to observe. 27. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing. 28. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study. 29. Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared
14、by all members of a speech munity. 30. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _. IV. 31. 32. 33. 34. V. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%) Design feature Displacement petence Synchronic linguistics Answer the following questions. (20%) 35. Why do people take
15、 duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? 南开大学，200436. Why is it difficult to define language? 第二外国语大学，2004VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%) 37. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? 某某海洋大学，1999 I. 15 BACCC 610 BACAC II. 1115 FFTFF 1620 FFFFF III. 21. verbal 22. productivity / creativity 23. metalingual function 24. yo-he-ho 25. scientific 26. descriptive 27. speech 28. diachronic linguistic 29. langue 30. petence IV. 31
