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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Brown最新出版的书中提出：关于人类对生态的影响，最乐观的估计也表明它已经超过了地球再生能力的20%左右。拯救巨大压力下的地球和麻烦不断的人类文明迫在眉睫。Brown在书中使用了一连串令人沮丧的统计数据对物种灭绝、水资源短缺以及石油生产量下降所引发的经济动荡进行了描述，特别强调了气候变化带来的系列负面效应以及应对措施。他所描述的由气候变化引起的混乱状态令人震惊，但有说服力：世界上最贫穷的人们与似乎更加饥饿的生物燃料产业之间在开展食物争夺。在石油价格日益上涨，产量逐渐变少，最后有可能枯竭的情况下，生物燃料产业的任务是
2、确保发达国家的越野车能在道路上疾驰。穷人始终处于劣势地位。Brown 认为拯救地球的计划必须是消除贫困，稳定人口。但是，在执行本计划过程中，必须处理好经济利益和全球金融机构的“民主赤字”问题，因为穷人通常被排除在外。【答案】In Browns latest book, he argues that the most optimistic estimates of mans impact on ecology suggest that it has exceeded about 20% of the planets regenerative capacity. It is imperative
3、to save a planet under great pressure and a troubled human civilization. Brown uses a series of depressing statistics to describe the economic turmoil caused by species extinction, water shortages and declining oil production, with a particular emphasis on the negative effects of climate change and
4、what can be done about them. His description of the chaos caused by climate change is shocking but persuasive: a competition for food between the worlds poorest people and a biofuels industry that seems even hungrier. As oil prices rise and production runs out, the biofuel industrys job is to keep t
5、he developed worlds off-road vehicles on the road. The poor are always at a disadvantage. Brown believes that the plan to save the planet must be to eradicate poverty and stabilize population. However, in implementing the plan, the “democratic deficit” of economic interests and global financial inst
6、itutions must be addressed, since the poor are often excluded.2. 单选题In accordance with the new regulations, you are entitled to three days of paid sick leave every month.问题1选项A.According toB.Carrying onC.Looking throughD.Putting out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项According to“根据”；B选项Carrying on“继承，开始实施”；C选项Looki
7、ng through“浏览，温习”；D选项Putting out“扑灭，搏出”。句意：根据新规定，你每个月可以享受三天的带薪病假。A选项与划线词的词义最接近，因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题Recently the car factory had to carry out personnel（ ）because of financial trouble.问题1选项A.cutsB.demandsC.reductionsD.orders【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cuts“切口，份额”；B选项demands“需求”；C选项reductions“减少，缩小”；D选项orders“顺序”。句
8、意：最近，由于财政困难，汽车厂不得不进行人事_。根据前句说“财政困难”，可以推测应该是要进行人事减少，因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题His consciousness of the urgency of the situation encouraged him to hurry.问题1选项A.identificationB.recognitionC.comprehensionD.awareness【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项recognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项compr
9、ehension “理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to（ ）further research.问题1选项A.renewB.arouseC.advocateD.stimulate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项renew“使更新；续借”；B选项arouse“引起，唤醒，激起（某种情感）”；C选项advocate“提倡，拥护”；D选项sti
10、mulate“刺激，鼓舞，促进（某一事物的开始或进一步发展）”。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激起对某一话题的_研究。这里表示的是它能够激起某一话题的进一步研究和思考，因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题He spoke so（ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.franklyB.emphaticallyC.determinedlyD.convincingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项frankly“坦率地，老实说”；B选项emphatically“着重地，强调地”；C选项determin
11、edly“决然地，断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他讲得如此_，以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。根据后半句不难判断出，前半句的意思是“他讲得如此有说服力”，因此D选项符合题意。7. 翻译题How would you complete this sentence: “This is The Age of .”? Every generation of writers has filled in the dots not only for their own age, but for selected past ages. I would fill i
12、n the dots by saying that this is the age of computers, or more sharply, the age of mathematizations. The computer is the prime and driving mechanism of the age and in all computer applications there resides some sort of mathematical construction. It is an age when applied mathematizations affect us
13、 all, for good, for bad, for somewhere in between, and these effects may not develop or become apparent for some while.Mathematics is now so universally employed that its teaching cannot be encompassed in one department. CAD/CAM (computer aided design/manufacture) is now in dentistry. Does the denti
14、stry development require engineering talent? Should its techniques be taught in an engineering department? One can truly wonder what courses should comprise the basic training for the applied mathematician or computer scientist.I have spent a good fraction of my professional life in what might be te
15、rmed “a traditional department of applied mathematics”. By “traditional” I mean a department that stresses the mathematics that models physical phenomena, or to a lesser extent, that models social phenomena via statistics. The word “traditional” can also be explicated by noting the specific courses that are given in such a department. In my department at Brown University, for example, there are graduate courses in biophysical models, genomics, operations research, statistical inference, dynamical systems.and fluids. This r
