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1、初三英语阅读和写话一、题型分析与解题指导 此部分考查学生阅读理解能力和基础写作能力。I. Reading comprehension (阅读理解)： 阅读理解是集语法、词汇、逻辑推理、背景知识于一体的综合语言能力的测试。它除了对学生的阅读理解的正确性进行测试外，还从阅读速度、阅读技巧、用词能力、文化背景知识等方面对学生进行考查。目前的测试，对学生阅读理解能力的要求也越来越高，测试的重点由文章的细节、事实，改为对全文整体的理解；由考短文的表层意义， 转向对文章深层含义的理解及逻辑推理和判断能力。体现了语言教学应注重能力、注重素质这一趋势。近年中考阅读理解采用的语篇，很多来自原著节选。题材丰富、体
2、裁各异。 旨在引导学生多读课外读物，扩大语言的输入量。有三种考查题型: A、判断正误，B、选择最恰当的答案，C、根据短文内容，回答问题。做阅读理解题时，在提高阅读速度的同时要注意理解的正确率。做到既抓住文章材料的中心意思，也掌握体现中心意思的事实；既弄清楚具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；既懂得文章的表面意思，也理解作者的意图及深层的含义；既理清全篇的逻辑关系，也顾及句子或段落的意思。在读懂文章的基础上，用自己所掌握的知识来帮助解题，着重注意以下几个方面：1. 先快速浏览一遍所给的问题。然后带着问题，有针对性地去阅读所给文章，掌握其大意，了解主要情节。2. 注意关注文章的首段与首句，因为它们极可能是
3、文章或该段的中心句。3. 文章中的一些细节，如who（人物）、where（地点）、when（时间）、what（事件）、why（原因），要弄清楚。4. 答题时，通过文中线索来分析、推断作者的意图、事件的结论、中心意思以及文章的标题。这是阅读理解中最难的，往往也是测试的重要内容。5. 要根据英语国家一些语言习惯、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等来分析问题，不要以中国人的习惯进行推理和判断。6. 做完题后要复读文章，检查答案。以 B题型为例:In the 13th century(世纪), the famous Italian traveller, Marco Polo, travelled a long wa
4、y to China. During his stay in China, he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money. In western countries, people did not use paper money until the 15th century. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7th century.A Chinese man c
5、alled Cai Lun invented paper almost 2,000 years ago. He made it from wood. He took the wood from trees and made it into paper. He then put these pieces of paper together and made them into a book.Now paper still comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper,
6、there will not be any trees left on the earth. If there are no trees, there will be no paper. Every day, people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting nearly 48,000 trees every day. Since it takes more than 10 year
7、s for a tree to grow, we must start using less paper now. If we dont, we will not have enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper.So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bott
8、les instead of those in paper packets. We can also use cotton handkerchiefs and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant does give us a paper bag, we can save it and reuse it later.Everyone can help to save paper. If we all think carefully, we can help
9、protect trees. But we should do it now, before it is too late.Choose the best answer1. When he was in China, Marco Polo _. A. discovered Cai Lun invented paper B. learned to make paperC. saw many wonderful things D. read a lot of books2. People in western countries first used paper money in the_ cen
10、tury. A. 17th B. 15th C. 13th D. 7th3. About _ tons of paper is thrown away every day in our city. A. 1,700 B. 2,000 C. 2,800 D. 48,0004. Which of the following is NOT the way of saving paper?A. To use both sides of every piece of paper.B. To use the paper bags from shops more than once.C. To use co
11、tton handkerchiefs instead of paper ones.D. To grow more trees.5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. If we keep on wasting paper, we will have no paper to use.B. The Chinese used paper money much earlier than the people in western countries.C. About 48,000 trees can be used 2,800 tons of paper. D
12、. It is never too late to plant trees for paper.6. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Saving Paper B. The History of PaperC. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back Again D. Cai Lun ,the Great Inventor1. 本题的答案是C。Marco Polo在中国看到了许多精彩的事情。2. 本题的答案是B。西方国家的人们在15 世纪开始使用纸币。3. 本题的答案是C。每天城市里的人们要扔掉2800吨纸，不能仅看数字就猜测。
13、4. 本题的答案是D。节约纸张的方法有多种，要做出正确的选择，可通过看topic sentence “So how can we save paper?” 来寻找 “NOT the way of saving paper”。5. 本题的答案是D。要做出正确的选择，必须再通读一下原文，找出与文章意思不符的表达，文章中的关键句 “we will not have enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper”。6本题的答案是A。要对此题做出正确的选择，必需通读全文，关键句是 “Everyone
14、can help to save paper”。II. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文) ：此题有时称为完形填空，旨在测试学生综合运用语言的能力。解题关键在于把握文章的整体性。学生除了掌握单词的意义、词汇的用法、固定搭配和有关常识外，重点要放在逻辑推理和上下文乃至通篇文章的理解上。主要遵循以下几个步骤：1. 通读全文，领会大意。动笔解题前，先快速浏览全文。从总体上了解文章的主题思想，中心含义和段落之间的逻辑关系。同时要注意文章的开头和结尾以及每段开头。因为这些地方往往能提供主要
15、的情节，有助于了解全文所描述的事情和文章的中心议题，千万不能把注意力集中在空白处，忽略了与全文的关系，看一点，选一个答案。2. 抓住线索，仔细推敲。在了解大意的基础上，再逐句阅读，根据上下文的线索和情景，顺藤摸瓜，反复推敲。答案的确定主要从这几个方面考虑：a、从上下文的角度。往往应选的答案在文章的前面或后面就有了提示。b、从词汇意义、用法及固定搭配的角度。这方面往往是考查的内容之一。要注意词形变化，同义词、近义词、反义词及词语的辨异和固定的搭配。c、从逻辑判断和常识的角度。有时从表面上看，所有的选项都可以。但是从逻辑推理和常识判断来看，答案只有一个。3. 复读全文，核对答案。选好所有的答案后，
16、再把短文重读一遍，进行核查。看文章是否通顺流畅，用词是否恰当，是否符合语法要求和英语表达习惯。对自己平时屡做屡错的地方要特别留心。发现错误，及时纠正。如：Once there lived an old man in a town. He always (1) a lot of things, so his wife had to say to him, “Remember this.”One day he went on a long (2) alone. Before he went out, his wife said, “Now you have all these things. Take care of them.” He w
