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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The United Nations（ ）much to world peace and order.问题1选项A.has attributedB.have attributedC.has contributedD.have contributed【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。attributeto“把归因”，contributeto“对作贡献”。表示国家、地名等专用名词做主语时，后面谓语用单数形式，句意：联合国为世界和平与秩序做出了巨大贡献。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。2. 单选题Reading（ ）the min
2、d only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.问题1选项A.rectifiesB.confirmsC.minimizesD.furnishes【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正，精馏”，显然并非所有阅读都可以整顿人的思想；B选项confirm“确认，证实”，阅读证实思想也不对；C选项minimize“最小化，使最小化”，也不合题意；D选项furnish“提供，供应”，阅读只为思想提供了知识材料符合题意。句意：阅读虽为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能
3、将我们所读的内容变成自己的东西。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3. 单选题Mutual respect for territorial（ ）is one of the bases upon which our two countries develop relationships.问题1选项A.reliabilityB.unityC.entiretyD.integrity【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项reliability“可靠性”；B选项unity“团结，一致”；C选项entirety“全部，完全”，强调整体，例句：The peace plan has not been acce
4、pted in its entirety by all parties.（该和平计划还没有被各方全部接受。）；D选项integrity“完整；正直”强调领土完整不可分割，例句：Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.（分裂活动是对国家领土完整的威胁。）。句意：相互尊重领土完整是两国发展关系的基础之一。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。4. 单选题Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between
5、1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming “demographic cliff” will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labor force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two deca
6、des, while those aged 20-29 will decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased by more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35-to-44-year-olds decli
7、ne by 10%.Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65，companies have a looming problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of human-resourc
8、es directors by IBM last year concluded: “When the baby-boomer generation retires, many companies will find out too late that a careers worth of experience has walked out the door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.”Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defense, for
9、example, as much as 40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlie
10、r this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work for his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world tomorrow?If you look hard enou
11、gh, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to older workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they are one of the industries most in need of
12、skilled labor. Other sectors similarly affected, says the Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.Near the top of the AARP s latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere s 46,000 employees are over 50 and a
13、 number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that flexible working, telecommuting, and so forth also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. The company spends “a lot of time” on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables
14、older workers to stay at them for longer.Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the worlds most advanced manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labor available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BM
15、W recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, ha
16、s about 30,000 registered alumni, and about 25% of its “experienced” new recruits are former employees who return after an absence.But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found that “although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, it is not dealing
