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1、2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be relea
2、sed Friday analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economics trends. It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition（营养不良）and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report dr
3、ew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.
4、Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losse
5、s resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”. But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deep
6、ly flawed（有瑕疵的）”.However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dahl berg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in
7、December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissi
8、ons of the heat trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.1.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?2.What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?3.What does Dr. Pielke say ab
9、out the Forums report?4.What is Soren Andreasens view of the report?5.What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?问题1选项A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic developmentB.Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warmingC.Malnutrition has caused se
10、rious health problems in poor countriesD.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters问题2选项A.It was challenged by some climate and risk expertsB.It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circlesC.It was warmly received by environmentalistsD.It cause a big stir in developing c
11、ountries问题3选项A.Its statistics look embarrassingB.It is invalid in terms of methodologyC.It deserves our closest attentionD.Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated问题4选项A.Its conclusions are based on carefully collected dataB.It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examinedC.It wil
12、l give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conferenceD.Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders问题5选项A.How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warmingB.How human and economic losses from climate change can be reducedC.How emissions of
13、heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scaleD.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“受人类影响的环境变化导致了如营养不良及其他与高温相关的问题死亡率升高”(It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from il
14、lnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems)，选项B“由于全球变暖，死亡率上身”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“在这篇报告发表之前就已经引起了很多气象和风险专家的批判”（But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions），因此选项A“受到一些气象和风险专家的挑战”符合题意。第3
15、题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到皮尔克博士对于报告的看法，他认为这次报告就是一个方法论的尴尬（a methodological embarrassment），随后又解释了原因，由此可知在皮尔克博士看来，这个报告在方法论上是不成立的，选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“很明显报告中的数据是粗略估计的，并且他认为这个报告是针对各国领导人提出的”（who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He
16、 said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty），选项D“它的粗略估计是为了引起领导人的注意”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“在新闻发布会上，安南强调需要增加从富裕国家到贫穷国家的资金流动，来帮助减少气候变化给他们造成的伤害”（In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotia
