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1、江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇2018届中考英语总复习专项练习专题（十一）主谓一致学案（无答案）专题（十一） 主谓一致【学习目标】1.掌握主谓一致的用法2.掌握主谓一致的做题技巧【学生自学】1.主谓一致共有_ 种？中考常考的有三种，他们是_ _ _ 2.总结主谓一致的用法，完成【预习展示】【预习展示】1.语法一致(1)The number of students in our school 1,700.（be）(2)Mary and Kelly_reading in the Reading room now.(be)(3)Reading English_ fun.(be)(4)To work har
2、d _necessary.(be)(5)How you get there _a problem.(be)2.意义一致(1)My family_ going to have a long journey.(be)(2)My family _fond of music. (be)(3)The class _won the honour(荣誉) (have)(4)The class _jumping for joy this time yesterday.(be)(5)The whole family_watching TV at present.(be)3.就近原则(1)There _a dog
3、 near the door.(be)(2)Here _the bus.(come)(3)Either you or I _going to the movies.(be)(4)Not only you but also he_ wrong.(be)(5)Neither he nor I _going to the park this afternoon.(be)【教师精讲】&1.语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式,不定式、动名词（短语），主语从句作主语用单数形式.(1)The number of students in our school is
4、 700 .(be)(2) Mary and Kelly are reading in the Reading room now. (be)(3)Reading English is fun (be)(4)To work hard is necessary .(be)(5)How you get there is a problem. (be)&2.意义一致(1)有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government(政府)等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：My f
5、amily_is_ going to have a long journey.(be)My family are_fond of music. (be)The class has won the honour(荣誉.) (have)The class were jumping for joy this time yesterday.(be)The whole family are watching TV at present.(be)(2)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。The people there are very friendly.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people
6、、police等。(3)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.形复意单的单词有news、works（工厂）和以-ics结尾的学科名称physics、politics等。&3.就近原则谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either or、neither nor、not only but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在人称和数上一致；There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数；在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。(1)There is a dog near t
7、he door.(be)(2 )Here comes the bus.(come)(3)Either you or I am going to the movies.(be)(4)Not only you but also he is wrong.(be)(5)Neither he nor I am going to the park this afternoon.(be)&4.应注意的问题 名词作主语(1)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.(2)当名词词组中心词为表示度
8、量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirty years has passed. Five minutes has enough to finish the task.(3)不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.(4)如果主语有more than one 或many a 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。 More than on
9、e student has seen the play.Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.(5)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes is on the desk.(6)this kind of book = a book of this kind(这
10、种书)，其谓语动词: 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind/sort is dangerous.(7)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。Al
11、l of my students work hard. All of the oil is gone.&5.连接词连接的名词作主语(1)用and或both and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truth and honesty are the best policy.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife
12、 and fork is on the table.(2)当主语后面跟有along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。 He, together with his parents is going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you? Im afraid I have to stay at home by myself.&6.代词作主语(1)名词性物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也
13、可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) is a great Party.Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.(2)such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan. Such are his last words.&7.从句作主语(1)由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need is more money.What we need are mor
14、e people/teachers.(2)在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She is the only one of the girls who is late for class today.【演练展示】直击中考（ ） 1.This
15、is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing. （2011齐齐哈尔）A. is B. am C. are （ ） 2.Linda, with her parents,_ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.（ 2011江苏南通） A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to（ ） 3.There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.（2011乌鲁木齐）A. are B. is C. have D. will（ ） 4. H
