《2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题23（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题23（附答案详解）（28页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving
2、 anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers thi
3、nk they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a cl
4、oser look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins.
5、 The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brains neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad
6、, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors,” he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Specifi
7、cally, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Right
8、 now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1. The author says
9、 that the powerful computers of today _.2. The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from _.3. Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to _.4. Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an
10、 objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence ca
11、nnot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.
12、build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence developed in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought
13、 processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The author says that the powerful computers of today _. 作者说，如今强大的计算机_。A. are capable of r
14、eliably recognizing the shape of an object A. 能够确切地识别物体的形状B. are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior B. 接近人类行为C. are not very different in their performance from those of the 50s C. 它们的表现和50年代没有很大的不同D. still cannot communicate with people in a human language D. 仍然不能用人类的语言与人交流【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路
15、】根据题干中信息词powerful computers of today定位到第一段第二、三句，该处讲到“但尽管计算机（computers）很有用，它们离实现类似人类行为（humanlike behavior）的早期愿望还差得很远。更别提像对话这样复杂的事情了（Never mind something as complex as conversation）。”，可知作者表达的意思是，计算机不能使用人类的语言和人进行对话，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“能够确切地识别物体的形状”：对应第一段最后一句“最强大的计算机也很难确切地识别物体的形状（struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object）。”，可知计算机不能确切地识别物体的形状，属于反向干扰；B选项“接近人类行为”：对应第一段第二句“它们离实现类似人类行为（humanlike behavior）的早期愿望还差得很远（remotely resembling）。”，可知计算机还不能接近人类行为，属于反向干扰；C选项“它们的表现和50年代没有很大的不同”：对应第一段第一句“上世纪50年代，人工智能的先驱者预测（predicted）”，这里指的是上世纪50年代对人工智能的预测情况，没有对比计算机在不同时期的客观情况，属于偷换概念。第2题:【选项释义】The
