《定语从句关系代词及练习》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《定语从句关系代词及练习（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、定语从句一、 定语从句的定义在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的某一名词或代词的从句为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，可以代表人、物或者全句。定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个语法成分。例如：This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. The time when he arrives is unknown. 二、关系词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词
2、是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。指人的关系代词who, whom, whose, that的用法。作主语(who / that)The man who / that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom / that)。She is the girl whom / that I met at the party. Is he the doctor whom / that you are looking for
3、?作定语whoseThe girl whose English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race. 指物的关系代词which, whose和that的用法that既可以代表事物也可以代表人，which代表事物，它们在从句中作主语或宾语；whose一般指人，但有时指物，在从句中作定语。作主语The money that / which is in the wallet is mine. A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words.授课
4、：XXX作宾语The chair which / that you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 作定语The house whose roof needs repairing is only three years old. 在下列情况下，关系代词只能用that:当先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, much, little, few, none,any等不定代词或被no, only, very等词修饰时，只能用thatThere are few books that you can read in t
5、his bookstore. He is the only person that understands me. This is the very question that came up at the meeting. Is there anything that you want to tell me?All that should be done has been done. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?There is nothing that I can tell you.我没什么事要告诉你。There
6、is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.我几乎不能做什么来弥补时间上的损失。当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。如：The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. This is the third book that she has given me. This is the best film that has been shown this year. The first statement that was issued gave very few details
7、.最先发布的声明没有公布什么细节。当先行词既有人也有物时，即先行词包括有指人和指物的名词及其短语时，关系代词用thatDo you know the things and persons that they are talking about?The characters and their deeds that he describes in his novel are familiar to me.他在小说中描写的人物及其事迹我很熟悉。当先行词为特殊疑问词who时，关系代词只能用thatWho that have seen him do not like him?哪个见过他的人不喜欢他呢？
8、授课：XXX关系代词的选择 关系代词指人时，用who比that普遍。如：We must unite with all those who can be united.我们必须团结一切可以团结的人。 .关系代词指物时，用which或that在限定性定语从句中一般没什么区别。如：It is this shirt which/that I will let you have. 当先行词和定语从句被其他句子成分隔开时，用who或which较为恰当，用that容易造成句子结构不清楚。如：A war broke out which lasted for forty years.一场延续了40年的战争爆发了
9、。Anybody can explain this who knows English grammar.任何懂得英语语法的人都能解释这一点。 先行词为集合名词时，如果该词指一个整体，则关系代词用which；如果指组成整体的所有成员，则关系代词用who。如：Our team, who are all in good form, will do well in the coming matches.我们组织良好的队伍在未来赛事中一定会表现出色。Our team, which placed second last year, played even better this year.去年排名第二的我
10、们队今年打得更为出色。 当关系代词在从句中做表语时，只能用that或which，不能用who或whom，但可以省略。如：He is not the man that he was. The school is quite different from the one that it used to be. 只用which，不用that的情况当关系代词前有介词时，只用whichThis is the house of which the windows face south. 引导非限制性定语从句，which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这些事”Tom came back, which m
11、ade us happy. 先行词为that，those时，引导词用whichWhats that which was put in the car?授课：XXX一个句子中有两个定语，为了避免重复，一个用that，另一个用whichLet me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 介词+关系代词：关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语的用法whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句中原来的位置上。如：The pictur
12、e, for which he paid $5000,was once owned by a duke.他花了5000美元买下的画曾为一位公爵所拥有。The student whom we are talking about came up with a very good proposal at the class meeting. 我们正谈及的那位学生在班会上提出了一项很好的建议。whom,which如果是含有介词的短语动词的宾语时，这时由不及物动词和介词构成的短语动词一般不可拆开，仍放在动词后。如：The babies whom the nurses look after all loo
13、k happy and energetic.护士们照顾的婴儿们看起来都快活精神。 Is this the box which you are looking for?这是你要找的盒子吗？whom,which作介词of的宾语时，有如下的特殊结构：名词（数词或代词）+ of+whom（或which）。如：He is reading a book, the name of which I dont know.他在读一本书，书名我不知道。In our class there are fifteen students, three of whom are from Beijing.我们班上有15名学生，
14、其中3名是北京人。说明：关系代词that在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在that之前，只能放在从句中原来的位置上。如：Let me have a look at the magzine that you talked about yesterday.介词+关系代词=when，在定语从句中作时间状语I still remember the day on which / when he first came here. 介词+关系代词=whereIt is the very place in which / where the anti-Japanese soldiers fought ov
15、er sixty years ago. 授课：XXX介词for+关系代词which=why；在定语从句中作原因状语I dont know the reason for which / why she is unhappy today. 介词+关系代词=that，在定语从句中作方式状语There are many different kinds of ways in which / that they can solve the problem. 关系代词的省略引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在某些特定的情况下可以省略，但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可省略。关系代词在从句中作代词的宾语时。Here is the book(which)you mentioned yesterday.All(that)I have is at your disposal.我的东西你随便用好了。作介词宾语，且介词放在谓语动词之后时，关系代词可省略。如：Smog is one of the growin problems(that)science must deal with.烟雾是一个必须用科学解决的严重问题之一。There are many houses(that) I
