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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题His trial for embezzlement was a _ on his familys reputation.问题1选项A.speckB.strainC.pauseD.faults【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项speck“小点，污点”，B项strain“张力，拉紧，负担”，C项pause“暂停，间歇”，D项faults“故障，错误”。由trial for embezzlement（因挪用公款的审判）和reputation（名誉）可知，A项符合语境。句意：他因挪用公款而受审，这是他家族名誉上的一
2、个污点。因此，该题选择A项。2. 单选题Social scientists have established fairly clear-cut _ that describe the appropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seems to be confusion about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents.问题1选项A.functionsB.rigiditiesC.normsD.castes【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项function“功
3、能，职责”，B项rigidity“硬度，严格，刻板”，C项norm“标准，规范”，D项cast“投掷，抛”。根据句子可知，空格处缺少一个名词，并且后面的that是作定语从句修饰空格，它的意思是“描述儿童和成人的适当行为”，那么结合选项可推测，这个定语从句修饰的名词是“规范”。句意：社会科学家已经建立了相当明确的规范，描述儿童和成人的适当行为，但青少年的适当行为是由什么构成的，似乎还存在困惑。因此，该题选择C项。3. 单选题In our earth science lab, we had to determine which fossils were genuine and which were
4、 _.问题1选项A.spuriousB.insuperableC.ominousD.querulous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项spurious“假的，伪造的”，B项insuperable“不能克服的，无敌的”，C项ominous“预兆的，不吉利的”，D项querulous“易怒的，暴躁的”。由determine（决定）和which fossils were genuine（哪些化石是真的）可知，空格说是另外一个结果，跟“真的”对应的是“假的”，A项符合。句意：在我们的地球科学实验室，我们必须确定哪些化石是真的，哪些是假的。因此，该题选择A项。4. 单选题Proteins are
5、composed of more than twenty amino acids that are liberated during digestion.问题1选项A.congregatedB.multipliedC.freedD.conscripted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。题干liberated“解放”。A项“聚集，集合”，B项“成倍增加；繁殖”，C项“解放，使自由”，D项“征募；征召”。因此选C。句意：蛋白质由二十多种在消化过程中释放的氨基酸组成。5. 单选题Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner ve
6、rsion in some skillfully crated public verbal form.问题1选项A.joyfulB.intricateC.competingD.forceful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。题干compelling“不可抗拒的；令人信服的”。A项“高兴的；快乐的”，B项“错综复杂的”，C项“相互冲突的；相互矛盾的”，D项“强有力的；有说服力的”。因此只有D项符合。句意：言语艺术有能力以一种技巧娴熟的公开言语形式塑造出引人入胜的内部版本。6. 单选题He told me that the music was barely audible in the hall
7、 that night.问题1选项A.distinctB.passionateC.patheticD.perpetual【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项distinct“明显的，独特的，清楚的”，B项passionate“热情的，热烈的”，C项pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的”，D项perpetual“永久的，不断的”。句意：他告诉我那天晚上音乐厅里的音乐几乎听不见。audible在句中表示“听得见的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是A项。因此，该题选择A项。7. 单选题Do not bear malice toward him; he is really a good man by nat
8、ure.问题1选项A.malignancyB.hospitalityC.meticulousnessD.mischievousness【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项malignancy“恶性（肿瘤等），恶意”，B项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，C项meticulousness“谨小慎微”，D项mischievousness“恶作剧”。句意：你们不可对他怀恶意，他真是一个本性善良的人。根据句意可知，malice在句中表示“恶意”。因此，该题选择A项。8. 单选题In spite of the rain, the _ spectators waited patiently for t
9、he delayed start of the game.问题1选项A.industriousB.ingeniousC.chaoticD.assiduous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项industrious“勤奋的，勤劳的”，B项ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的，精制的”，C项chaotic“混沌的，混乱的”，D项assiduous“兢兢业业的，孜孜不倦的”。由spectators（观众）和the delayed start of the game（被推迟的比赛开始）可知，当时的现场应该是“混乱的”，C项符合。句意：尽管下着雨，但是混乱的观众耐心地等待着被推迟的比赛开始。因此，
10、该题选择C项。9. 单选题I dont like the rides in amusement park because they have a _ effect on me.问题1选项A.viableB.amiableC.vertiginousD.monotonous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项viable表示“可行的，能养活的”，B项amiable表示“和蔼可亲的，亲切的”，C项vertiginous表示“令人眩晕的，眼花的，高而陡峭的”，D项monotonous表示“单调的，无抑扬顿挫的，无变化的”。根据rides in amusement park（游乐园里的游乐设施）可知，
11、“令人眩晕的”符合语境。句意：我不喜欢游乐园里的游乐设施，因为它们会让我头晕目眩。因此，该题选择C项正确。10. 单选题In the _ areas of the railroad terminal, thousands of travelers lingered while waiting for their train.问题1选项A.circuitousB.balefulC.auxiliaryD.capacious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项circuitous表示“迂曲的，绕行的”，B项baleful表示“恶意的，有害的”，C项auxiliary表示“辅助的，副的，附加的”，D
12、项capacious表示“宽敞的，广阔的”。根据railroad terminal（铁路终点站）和thousands of travelers（成千上万的旅客）可知，_ areas表示“宽敞的地方”。句意：在铁路终点站广阔的区域里，成千上万的旅客逗留在那等待火车。因此，该题选择D项正确。11. 单选题We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the eviden
13、ce about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. Even though t
14、he paint was often sprayed on by month, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downwarda left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. Of 158 stencils in the French cave of
15、 Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.Cave art furnishes other types of evidence of this phenomenon. Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the
